Bacterial Cyclic Lipopeptides as Triggers of Plant Immunity and Systemic Resistance Against Pathogens.

Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) are secondary metabolites produced by plant-beneficial bacteria, including , , , , , and species. Of these bacterial sources, CLPs from and have been studied most extensively for their role in plant immunity, particularly in mediating induced systemic resistance. With this review, we provide a unique and comprehensive survey of CLPs from plant-beneficial bacteria described for this function. We consolidate existing knowledge on their role in triggering induced systemic resistance across various plant-pathogen systems and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of symptom suppression. We also discuss the need for further mechanistic studies, but also for implementing each step of the process, leading to marketable CLP-based products used as alternatives to chemicals in sustainable agriculture.