Comparative Analysis of Passive Movement During Robot-Assisted and Therapist-Led Rehabilitation Exercises.

The growing number of patients in need of rehabilitation, largely due to an aging population and the increasing incidence of strokes, drives the search for more effective therapeutic methods. Stroke remains a leading cause of adult disability, increasing demand for rehabilitation services. Robotic-assisted therapy presents a promising solution by offering precision and repeatability, complementing traditional methods. This study compared traditional rehabilitation led by a physiotherapist with robotic-assisted therapy using the UR10e robot. The research consisted of two stages: in the first, a physiotherapist guided passive upper limb movements, and in the second, the same movements were replicated by the UR10e robot with a specialized adapter for arm positioning. Movements were measured using the Noraxon Ultium Motion system, analyzing flexion, extension, and rotation angles at the shoulder and elbow joints.