Brunetti Giacomina
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Aug 22;26(17):8140. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178140.
Diabetes represents one of the major challenges in preserving health in the 21st century. It has been estimated that in 2050, 853 million subjects will live with diabetes. It was also reported that 3.4 million adults died from diabetes and related comorbidities. Chronic hyperglycemia, if not properly managed, leads to skeletal fragility with fracture risk that augments with age. In type 1 diabetes (T1D), the augmented fracture risk can be partially explained by lower areal bone mineral density (aBMD). Interestingly, in type 2 diabetes (T2D), the risk of fractures increases with normal or elevated aBMD. In this review, the recent updates on diabetes and bone health (2023-2025) are reported, thus describing bone quality and the role of mediators involved in diabetes pathogenesis. Consequently, the role of Vitamin D, Incretins, Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), neurotensin, asprosin, irisin, and Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) will be described considering the interplay between diabetes and bone health. The importance of monitoring diabetic patients' bone health is underlined, together with the therapeutic approaches to avoid fractures.
糖尿病是21世纪维护健康面临的主要挑战之一。据估计，到2050年，将有8.53亿人患有糖尿病。另据报道，有340万成年人死于糖尿病及相关合并症。慢性高血糖若管理不当，会导致骨骼脆弱，骨折风险随年龄增长而增加。在1型糖尿病（T1D）中，骨折风险增加部分可归因于较低的面骨矿物质密度（aBMD）。有趣的是，在2型糖尿病（T2D）中，即使aBMD正常或升高，骨折风险也会增加。在本综述中，报告了糖尿病与骨骼健康的最新进展（2023 - 2025年），从而描述了骨质量以及参与糖尿病发病机制的介质的作用。因此，将结合糖尿病与骨骼健康之间的相互作用，描述维生素D、肠促胰岛素、胰高血糖素样肽 - 2（GLP - 2）、神经降压素、脂联素、鸢尾素和硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白（TXNIP）的作用。强调了监测糖尿病患者骨骼健康的重要性以及避免骨折的治疗方法。
