Phytochemicals from Purwoceng () and Their Potential in Chronic Disease Prevention: Focus on Kidney Health.

This study examines the potential of purwoceng () to prevent chronic kidney damage through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. To evaluate both efficacy and safety, purwoceng extract was assessed for its phytochemical content and administered to five groups of rats: a healthy control group, a cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity model, and three treatment groups receiving purwoceng at doses of 20, 30, and 40 mg/kg BW/day. In silico predictions were used for confirmation of in vitro and in vivo results. Renal function was monitored through serum creatinine and urea levels before and after treatment, while kidney tissue was evaluated histopathologically. The results indicate that purwoceng extract complies with safety standards. Notably, a dose of 20 mg/kg BW/day improved glomerular structure in cisplatin-exposed rats, suggesting a nephroprotective effect possibly mediated by vasodilatory and antioxidant mechanisms. In contrast, higher doses (30-40 mg/kg BW) increased urea and creatinine levels, and histological signs indicated only tubule damage. In silico predictions indicate that pinellic acid strongly binds to Cyclooxygenase-2 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, suggesting its anti-inflammatory potential and benefits for glomerular structure. Therefore, the bioactive compounds in purwoceng may help prevent chronic kidney disease, emphasizing the need for careful dose regulation to avoid toxicity.