Kuchta-Gładysz Marta, Wojciechowska-Puchałka Joanna, Grzesiakowska-Dul Anna, Kmiecik Michał, Khachatryan Karen, Khachatryan Gohar
Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 24/28 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Ethology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 24/28 Mickiewicza Ave, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 3;26(17):8577. doi: 10.3390/ijms26178577.
Curcumin is a natural bioactive compound of plant origin, characterised by a wide variety of properties that make it useful in numerous industries. Furthermore, due to its health-promoting properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects, it has found applications in medicine and animal husbandry. Unfortunately, curcumin has low bioavailability; its hydrophobic nature means it is poorly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, and it is rapidly metabolised in the liver. In recent years, research has been conducted into adding nanoencapsulated active ingredients, such as curcumin, to animal feed. This research aims to improve the bioavailability and stability of these ingredients, extend their shelf life, and enhance their absorption. These effects are expected to improve overall animal health, increase production efficiency, and enhance the quality of animal products. However, a significant challenge remains: the irreversible aggregation and chemical instability of bioactive substances due to the hydrolysis of their polymeric encapsulants, which can lead to toxic effects. This study utilised peripheral whole blood from five Blanc de Termonde rabbits. In vitro cell exposure was conducted using three distinct concentrations of nanoencapsulated curcumin (C1-C3: 10, 5.0, and 2.5 µg/mL) and a control. Cytotoxicity was determined by assessing viability using trypan blue exclusion, the comet assay, and the micronucleus assay. The results indicated that all tested concentrations of nanocurcumin significantly decreased the viability of blood cells to approximately 1-9%. In contrast, the encapsulation matrices themselves were not toxic (results were statistically significant). In the comet assay, the nanocurcumin formulations were toxic at all concentrations, and the results were statistically significant. Following exposure, the micronucleus assay revealed cell damage and a high percentage of apoptotic cells (up to 30% for Cur1 at 10 ug/mL). A significant number of binucleated cells with two micronuclei (BNCs + 2MN) were also observed, again for Cur1. In view of the considerable variation in the results from the individual tests, it is advisable to repeat the research using different matrix forms and concentrations of curcumin.
姜黄素是一种天然的植物源生物活性化合物，具有多种特性，使其在众多行业中都有应用。此外，由于其促进健康的特性，如抗炎、抗氧化和抗菌作用，它已在医学和畜牧业中得到应用。不幸的是，姜黄素的生物利用度较低；其疏水性意味着它在胃肠道中的吸收较差，并且在肝脏中会迅速代谢。近年来，人们对在动物饲料中添加纳米包封的活性成分（如姜黄素）进行了研究。这项研究旨在提高这些成分的生物利用度和稳定性，延长其保质期，并增强其吸收。这些效果有望改善动物整体健康状况，提高生产效率，并提升动物产品质量。然而，一个重大挑战仍然存在：由于生物活性物质的聚合物包封剂水解，导致生物活性物质发生不可逆聚集和化学不稳定，这可能会产生毒性作用。本研究使用了五只特蒙德白兔子的外周全血。使用三种不同浓度的纳米包封姜黄素（C1 - C3：10、5.0和2.5 µg/mL）和一个对照组进行体外细胞暴露实验。通过台盼蓝排斥法、彗星试验和微核试验评估细胞活力来确定细胞毒性。结果表明，所有测试浓度的纳米姜黄素均使血细胞活力显著降低至约1 - 9%。相比之下，包封基质本身无毒（结果具有统计学意义）。在彗星试验中，所有浓度的纳米姜黄素制剂均具有毒性，结果具有统计学意义。暴露后，微核试验显示细胞损伤以及高比例的凋亡细胞（10 ug/mL的Cur1高达30%）。同样对于Cur1，还观察到大量带有两个微核的双核细胞（BNCs + 2MN）。鉴于各个测试结果存在相当大的差异，建议使用不同的基质形式和姜黄素浓度重复该研究。
