Genome-Wide Identification of Autophagy-Related Gene Family and Gene Expression Analysis of the Under Heat Stress in .

is one of the world's four major cut flowers, valued for its ornamental and economic importance. However, high temperature stress during growth and development can reduce both yield and quality. Autophagy is a cellular self-degradation and recycling process that plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis under abiotic stress. This study aimed to identify autophagy-related genes () in . and its close relatives, analyze their structural and evolutionary characteristics, and evaluate expression under heat stress. Genome-wide analysis identified 130 in . , 51 in , and 49 in . Genes within the same subfamily exhibited conserved structures and domains, with fragment duplication contributing to expansion. Expression profiling showed that genes were the most highly expressed and displayed tissue specificity, while heat stress induced their transcription, peaking at 48 h. These findings provide a comprehensive genomic resource for and indicate a potential role for in heat stress responses, offering a basis for future studies aimed at improving thermotolerance in this ornamental crop.