Jarosz Jakub, Szwarc Andrzej
Institute of Sport Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
Department of Team Sport Games, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2025 Sep 3;14(17):6214. doi: 10.3390/jcm14176214.
Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) is an acute neuromuscular phenomenon influenced by training status, yet evidence regarding its response to isometric conditioning activity (ICA) across different athletic populations remains inconclusive. This study investigated the acute effects of ICA on countermovement jump (CMJ) performance in trained (T) versus highly trained (HT) male participants. A total of 32 participants (T: = 16; HT: = 16) completed two randomized sessions: a control condition (CTRL) and an isometric protocol (ICA; three sets of three maximal isometric back squat contractions, 3 s each). CMJ height was assessed at baseline and at 3-, 6- and 9-min post-intervention using a force platform. Repeated-measures ANOVA examined interactions between time, condition, and training status. A significant improvement in jump height was observed only in the HT-ISO group at 3 min post-ICA (mean difference: +3.0 ± 2.3 cm; < 0.005; = 0.65). No significant changes were detected in the T group across conditions. Peak power and modified reactive strength index showed no significant differences, though effect trends favored the HT group. ICA elicits short-term PAPE effects in highly trained, but not moderately trained, individuals. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring warm-up protocols to the athlete's training level for optimal performance enhancement.
激活后表现增强（PAPE）是一种受训练状态影响的急性神经肌肉现象，然而，关于其在不同运动员群体中对等长调节活动（ICA）的反应的证据仍不确凿。本研究调查了ICA对训练有素（T）与训练高度有素（HT）的男性参与者的反向纵跳（CMJ）表现的急性影响。共有32名参与者（T组 = 16名；HT组 = 16名）完成了两个随机环节：对照条件（CTRL）和等长方案（ICA；三组，每组进行三次最大等长背蹲收缩，每次3秒）。使用测力平台在基线以及干预后3分钟、6分钟和9分钟评估CMJ高度。重复测量方差分析检验了时间、条件和训练状态之间的相互作用。仅在ICA后3分钟时，HT-ISO组的跳跃高度有显著改善（平均差异：+3.0±2.3厘米；P < 0.005；η² = 0.65）。T组在各条件下均未检测到显著变化。峰值功率和改良反应力量指数无显著差异，尽管效应趋势有利于HT组。ICA在训练高度有素的个体中引发短期PAPE效应，但在训练程度一般的个体中则不然。这些发现强调了根据运动员的训练水平调整热身方案以实现最佳表现提升的重要性。
