Nwankwo Monday, Makena Wusa, Idris Aisha, Okamkpa Chikezie Jude, Umoren Elizabeth Bessey, Owembabazi Elna
Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria.
Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University, Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2025 Sep;27(9):e70140. doi: 10.1111/jch.70140.
Hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death worldwide. In East Africa, its burden is increasing, yet estimates remain fragmented across countries, limiting effective regional health planning. We estimate the pooled prevalence of hypertension and identify its major determinants among adult populations in East Africa. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published between January 2007 and December 2024, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and grey literatures. Studies were eligible if they reported the prevalence or risk factors of hypertension in East African adults. Random-effects model was applied to compute pooled estimates, and heterogeneity was assessed using prediction interval, I, Q-test, tau, and tau. A total of 21 studies involving 56 503 participants from seven East African countries were included. The pooled prevalence of hypertension was 21.0% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 17.9-24.4, I: 98.8%]. The risk of hypertension was associated with overweight [odds ratio (OR) = 1.845; 95%: 1.534-2.219, I: 66.7%], general obesity (OR = 3.045; 95% CI: 2.511-3.693; I: 90.1%), abdominal obesity (OR = 2.010; 95% CI: 1.443-2.800; I: 97.6%), alcohol consumption (OR = 1.232; 95% CI: 1.005-2.011; I: 80.8%), tobacco smoking (OR = 1.479; 95% CI: 1.130-1.935; I: 83.7%), and diabetes (OR = 2.458; 95% CI: 1.362-4.437; I: 95.7%). In conclusion, hypertension affects nearly one in four adults in East Africa. Overweight, obesity, general obesity, WHR, T2DM, and age are associated with onset of hypertension.
高血压是全球心血管疾病和过早死亡的主要可改变风险因素。在东非，其负担正在增加，但各国的估计仍然零散，限制了有效的区域卫生规划。我们估计了东非成年人群中高血压的合并患病率，并确定了其主要决定因素。我们按照PRISMA 2020指南，对2007年1月至2024年12月期间发表的研究进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。检索的数据库包括PubMed、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science、CINAHL和灰色文献。如果研究报告了东非成年人高血压的患病率或风险因素，则符合纳入标准。应用随机效应模型计算合并估计值，并使用预测区间、I²、Q检验、tau²和tau来评估异质性。总共纳入了21项研究，涉及来自东非七个国家的56503名参与者。高血压的合并患病率为21.0%[95%置信区间(95%CI)：17.9 - 24.4，I²：98.8%]。高血压风险与超重[比值比(OR)=1.845；95%：1.534 - 2.219，I²：66.
