Wan Xiaohong, Kang Xiaoqing, Chen Shunli, Du Juan, Yan Fang, Bai Yongqi
Department of Child Health Care, Children's Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
Department of Pediatric Hematologic Oncology and Respiratory, Children's Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
Front Pediatr. 2025 Aug 28;13:1667048. doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1667048. eCollection 2025.
Language development delay (LDD) affected 5%-10% of preschool children globally, and modifiable environmental factors such as screen exposure drew significant attention. This study aimed to evaluate how parental screen habits, children's screen exposure, and parent-child interactions collectively influenced the risk of LDD.
This study employed a retrospective case-control design involving young children who received health check-ups between October 2020 and October 2024. Participants were categorized into normal and Language Developmental Delay groups by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III (BSID-III). Parent and child screen time (ST) were measured using a 7-day diary. Parent-child interaction quality was assessed using the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scale (NCATS). Emotion regulation and parenting stress were evaluated using the Preschool Children's Emotional Regulation Strategies Questionnaire and the Parenting Stress Index.
Among 296 children (113 with LDD, 106 normal), parents in the LDD group spent significantly more time on screens daily (fathers: + 0.34 h; mothers: + 0.32 h) and had higher total entertainment time (+12.07 min). Children with LDD showed longer average daily screen exposure (+0.4 h), with 30.97% exceeding 2 h per day compared to 12.26% in the control group. The LDD group had lower parent-child interaction frequency (>3 times/week: 16.81% vs. 30.19%), lower storytelling rates (13.27% vs. 31.13%), and lower NCATS scores (96.52 vs. 99.45).
This study emphasized the importance of modifiable environmental factors, particularly excessive parental and child ST and decreased interaction quality, in the risk of LDD. It highlighted the necessity for behavioral interventions at the family level.
全球5%-10%的学龄前儿童受到语言发育迟缓（LDD）的影响，诸如屏幕暴露等可改变的环境因素引起了广泛关注。本研究旨在评估父母的屏幕习惯、儿童的屏幕暴露以及亲子互动如何共同影响LDD的风险。
本研究采用回顾性病例对照设计，纳入了2020年10月至2024年10月期间接受健康检查的幼儿。根据贝利婴幼儿发展量表第三版（BSID-III）将参与者分为正常组和语言发育迟缓组。使用7天日记记录父母和孩子的屏幕时间（ST）。使用护理儿童评估教学量表（NCATS）评估亲子互动质量。使用学龄前儿童情绪调节策略问卷和养育压力指数评估情绪调节和养育压力。
在296名儿童中（113名患有LDD，106名正常），LDD组的父母每天花在屏幕上的时间显著更多（父亲：+0.34小时；母亲：+0.32小时），总娱乐时间也更长（+12.07分钟）。患有LDD的儿童平均每天的屏幕暴露时间更长（+0.4小时），30.97%的儿童每天超过2小时，而对照组为12.26%。LDD组的亲子互动频率较低（每周>3次：16.81%对30.19%），讲故事率较低（13.27%对31.13%），NCATS得分较低（96.52对99.45）。
本研究强调了可改变的环境因素的重要性，特别是父母和孩子的屏幕时间过长以及互动质量下降，这些因素会增加LDD的风险。它突出了家庭层面行为干预的必要性。
