Benedicto-Toboso Mª Isabel, Freire Salviano Andressa, Miguel-Berges María L, Rueda-De Torre Isabel, Moreno Luis A, Santaliestra-Pasías Alba M
Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Zaragoza, Spain.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2025 Jul 24;9(9):107511. doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107511. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Previous research suggests that dietary fiber (DF) intake may help reduce chronic low-grade inflammation (CLGI), a condition linked to the early development of cardiometabolic risk factors. Childhood and adolescence represent critical periods for preventing noncommunicable diseases, when adopting healthy eating habits, including adequate fiber consumption, could effectively control CLGI. However, the evidence on DF's impact on CLGI in the pediatric population remains inconsistent and has not been comprehensively reviewed in a single article. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of DF intake on CLGI in children and adolescents. A systematic search was performed in 4 databases up to January 2025. Two reviewers screened 2030 studies based on inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials involving participants ≤18 y, interventions (Is) with any type of DF (supplementation, fiber-rich foods, or fiber intake advice) and reporting serum CLGI markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and TNF-α, among others. Twenty-five randomized controlled trials were included in the systematic review, which showed that DF may have beneficial effects on CRP, IL-10, adiponectin, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations; though findings were inconsistent, with some studies reporting no significant changes. Meta-analysis was conducted for CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. Meta-analysis for CRP concentrations included 10 studies and revealed a significant decrease following DF Is compared to controls (mean difference: -0.640; 95% CI: -1.075, -0.204). Meta-regression revealed that Is based on fiber supplementation resulted in significantly greater CRP reductions compared to those involving fiber-rich foods. Meta-analysis for IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations showed no significant effect after DF I. In conclusion, this review provides evidence that fiber Is may have a beneficial impact on certain markers of CLGI in children and adolescents, particularly by reducing serum CRP concentrations. However, the findings also reveal inconsistencies in the effects of fiber intake on other inflammatory markers. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024516794.
先前的研究表明，膳食纤维（DF）摄入可能有助于减轻慢性低度炎症（CLGI），这是一种与心血管代谢危险因素早期发展相关的病症。儿童期和青少年期是预防非传染性疾病的关键时期，此时养成健康的饮食习惯，包括摄入足够的膳食纤维，可有效控制CLGI。然而，关于DF对儿科人群CLGI影响的证据仍不一致，且尚未在一篇文章中得到全面综述。因此，我们旨在进行一项系统综述和荟萃分析，以评估DF摄入对儿童和青少年CLGI的影响。截至2025年1月，在4个数据库中进行了系统检索。两名评审员根据纳入标准筛选了2030项研究：涉及≤18岁参与者的随机对照试验、采用任何类型DF的干预措施（I）（补充剂、富含纤维的食物或纤维摄入建议）以及报告血清CLGI标志物，包括C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素（IL）-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α等。系统综述纳入了25项随机对照试验，结果显示DF可能对CRP、IL-10、脂联素、IL-1β和IL-6浓度有有益影响；尽管结果不一致，一些研究报告无显著变化。对CRP、IL-6和TNF-α进行了荟萃分析。CRP浓度的荟萃分析纳入了10项研究，结果显示与对照组相比，DF干预后CRP显著降低（平均差异：-0.640；95%置信区间：-1.075，-0.204）。荟萃回归显示，与富含纤维食物的干预相比，基于纤维补充的干预导致CRP降低幅度显著更大。DF干预后，IL-6和TNF-α浓度的荟萃分析显示无显著影响。总之，本综述提供的证据表明，纤维干预可能对儿童和青少年CLGI的某些标志物有有益影响，特别是通过降低血清CRP浓度。然而，研究结果也揭示了纤维摄入对其他炎症标志物影响的不一致性。本试验已在PROSPERO注册，注册号为CRD42024516794。
