Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with breast cancer treated with taxanes (Review).

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and is frequently treated with taxane-based chemotherapy. Despite their therapeutic efficacy, taxanes are associated with a high incidence of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a disabling condition that impacts the quality of life of patients. CIPN primarily affects the sensory nerves, leading to symptoms such as numbness, tingling, pain and motor dysfunction, which can persist long after treatment completion. The pathophysiology of taxane-induced CIPN involves direct neurotoxic effects on the dorsal root ganglia, a disruption of microtubule dynamics and neuroinflammatory responses. Given the limited efficacy of current pharmacological treatments, such as duloxetine, lidocaine or topical agents, alternative approaches, including cryotherapy and other non-pharmacological interventions, are being explored. The present literature review provides an updated synthesis of the epidemiology, mechanisms and management strategies of taxane-induced CIPN among patients with breast cancer. Identifying efficacious interventions remains a critical challenge in oncology. By specifically addressing this underexplored, yet clinically relevant, issue, the present review aims to promote future improvements in patient care and quality of life.