Appendix300: A multi-institutional laparoscopic appendectomy video dataset for computational modeling tasks.

The limited availability of diverse and representative training data poses a critical barrier to the development of clinically relevant computational tools for intraoperative surgical decision support. As surgical interventions are not routinely recorded and data annotation often requires domain knowledge, existing open-access surgical video datasets with high-quality annotations are available only for a restricted number of surgical procedures, such as cholecystectomy, and typically originate from a single institution. Appendix300 is a comprehensive dataset of video footage from 330 surgical procedures, including 312 full-length recordings of laparoscopic appendectomies in pediatric and adult patients treated at five German centers, along with 18 control recordings of non-inflamed appendices collected during non-appendectomy laparoscopic surgeries. Clinical metadata for each recording includes patient demographics, medical history, clinical symptoms, preoperative laboratory parameters, and postoperative histopathological findings. Additionally, we provide annotations of the grade of appendicitis based on the intraoperative presentation. This dataset enables new and clinically relevant validation tasks for computer vision in laparoscopic surgery, thereby enhancing the breadth and translational relevance of AI-based surgical video analysis.