Mattavelli Simone, Bianchi Claudia, Brambilla Marco, Motterlini Matteo
University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy.
Int Rev Soc Psychol. 2024 Aug 7;37:14. doi: 10.5334/irsp.933. eCollection 2024.
Despite their apparent benevolence, positive stereotypes have negative effects on person and group perception. However, little is known about how exposure can intensify these negative consequences. In two pre-registered experiments (total N = 240) we investigated the effect of exposure on believability and moral condemnation of positive stereotypes. In Experiment 1, participants rated the truth value of positive stereotypes, which were either previously encountered or not during an exposure phase. Repeated positive stereotypes were perceived as more true than unrepeated ones, indicating a truth effect. In Experiment 2, we replicated the truth effect and further found that exposure to stereotypes reduced their moral condemnation, indicating a moral-repetition effect. Extending the truth effect and moral-repetition effect research to positive stereotypes, our findings emphasize the need to raise awareness of the impact of exposure on reinforcing the believability and moral condemnation of stereotypical beliefs.
尽管积极刻板印象表面上是善意的，但它们对个人和群体认知有负面影响。然而，对于接触如何加剧这些负面后果，我们知之甚少。在两项预先注册的实验（总样本量N = 240）中，我们研究了接触对积极刻板印象的可信度和道德谴责的影响。在实验1中，参与者对积极刻板印象的真值进行评分，这些刻板印象在接触阶段要么是之前遇到过的，要么是没有遇到过的。重复出现的积极刻板印象比未重复出现的更被认为是真实的，这表明了一种真理效应。在实验2中，我们重复了真理效应，并进一步发现接触刻板印象会减少对它们的道德谴责，这表明了一种道德重复效应。将真理效应和道德重复效应的研究扩展到积极刻板印象上，我们的研究结果强调了提高人们对接触在强化刻板印象信念的可信度和道德谴责方面所产生影响的认识的必要性。
