Pharmacological Insights Into Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera): A Review of Its Immunomodulatory and Neuroprotective Properties.

, commonly known as ashwagandha, is a cornerstone of traditional Ayurvedic medicine, widely revered for its adaptogenic, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective potential. Science has recently provided more evidence that it supports the immune system and protects nerve functioning, which makes it a good choice for integrative and preventive medicine. This review summarizes the main active substances found in Ashwagandha, such as withanolides, alkaloids, and sitoindosides, as well as the way the body processes them. , also known as ashwagandha, is used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine because of its potent immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and adaptogenic properties. By altering natural and acquired immunity, boosting natural killer cell activity, controlling T- and B-cell responses, and altering cytokine levels, ashwagandha is being researched for its potential to alter the immune system. Simultaneously, the plant's neuroprotective potential is investigated by taking into account its antioxidant properties, capacity to improve brain function, support for stress reduction, and potential to treat mental and neurological diseases. In addition, the article analyzes the latest medications, ongoing clinical tests, and safety details, noting the most common side effects, drug-herb interactions, and the point at which herbs become toxic. The discussion includes important gaps such as requiring standardized extracts, having more human data over time, and increasing molecular studies. The focus is now on combining genomic research, inventing new drug delivery systems, and making sure that ashwagandha-based interventions are used ethically in the market. Overall, this review consolidates multidimensional evidence on , underscoring its pharmacological value as a natural immunoneurotherapeutic agent and advocating for its broader inclusion in evidence-based healthcare models.