Moussaoui Lisa Selma, White Katherine M, Desrichard Olivier
Health Psychology Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
School of Psychology & Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia.
Int Rev Soc Psychol. 2023 Nov 13;36:15. doi: 10.5334/irsp.806. eCollection 2023.
Conformity to descriptive and injunctive norms has been explained by informational and normative social influence. We argue that in addition to these two types of social influence, outcome expectancy can mediate descriptive norms' impact on people's intentions in the case of collective behaviours such as hand washing to prevent virus spread. Two studies manipulate norm type (descriptive vs injunctive) and norm level (low vs high) and show their effects on intention to perform the behaviour. In Study 1 ( = 216), outcome expectancy was positively influenced by descriptive norm and was associated with intention. In Study 2 ( = 731), outcome expectancy was influenced by descriptive but also by injunctive norm. Similar to Study 1, outcome expectancy was significantly associated with intention. Our data support the idea outcome expectancy is an important antecedent of intention and an additional mechanism underlying the effects of descriptive norms and, in some instances, injunctive norms.
对描述性规范和指令性规范的遵循已通过信息性社会影响和规范性社会影响进行了解释。我们认为，除了这两种社会影响类型之外，在诸如洗手以防止病毒传播等集体行为的情况下，结果预期可以调节描述性规范对人们意图的影响。两项研究操纵了规范类型（描述性与指令性）和规范水平（低与高），并展示了它们对执行该行为意图的影响。在研究1（n = 216）中，结果预期受到描述性规范的积极影响，并与意图相关。在研究2（n = 731）中，结果预期受到描述性规范的影响，但也受到指令性规范的影响。与研究1类似，结果预期与意图显著相关。我们的数据支持这样一种观点，即结果预期是意图的重要前因，也是描述性规范以及在某些情况下指令性规范影响背后的一种额外机制。
