Mesmin Xavier, Chartois Marguerite, Farigoule Pauline, Burban Christian, Streito Jean-Claude, Thuillier Jean-Marc, Pierre Éric, Lambert Maxime, Mellerin Yannick, Bonnard Olivier, van Halder Inge, Fried Guillaume, Rasplus Jean-Yves, Cruaud Astrid, Rossi Jean-Pierre
CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France.
BIOGECO, INRAE, University of Bordeaux, Cestas, France.
PLoS One. 2025 Sep 15;20(9):e0332344. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0332344. eCollection 2025.
Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) is a xylem-limited bacterium that has been recorded in several European countries since its detection in 2013 in Apulia (Italy). Given the prominence of the wine industry in many southern European countries, a big threat is the development of Pierce's disease in grapevines. Yet, the insect-habitat and insect-plant interaction networks in which xylem feeders, possible vectors of Xf, are involved around European vineyards are largely unknown. Here we describe these networks in three key wine-growing regions of southern France (Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, Occitanie, Nouvelle-Aquitaine) to identify primary xylem feeder habitats, and assess their specialization degree at the habitat, plant family, and plant species levels. A total of 92 landscapes (and 700 sites) were studied over three sampling sessions in the fall 2020, spring 2021, and fall 2021. Among the habitats sampled, meadows hosted the largest xylem feeder communities, followed by alfalfa fields. Vineyard headlands and inter-rows hosted slightly smaller xylem feeder communities, indicating that potential Xf vectors thrive near crops. Grapevines hosted few xylem feeders, suggesting rare but possible transfer to vulnerable crops. Philaenus spumarius, Aphrophora alni, Lepyronia coleoptrata, and Cicadella viridis were all similarly generalists at the habitat, plant family or plant species level. The only specialist was Aphrophora grp. salicina, which was restricted to riparian forests and to Salicaceae. Neophilaenus spp. were extremely specialist at the plant family level (Poaceae), but rather generalist at the habitat and plant species levels. All 1017 insects screened for the presence of Xf tested negative, showing that Xf is not widespread in the studied regions. Our study provides new basic ecological information on potential vectors of Xf, especially on their specialization and feeding preferences, as well as practical information that may be relevant for the design of epidemiological surveillance plans.
木质部难养菌（Xylella fastidiosa，简称Xf）是一种局限于木质部的细菌，自2013年在意大利普利亚被发现以来，已在多个欧洲国家被记录。鉴于许多南欧国家葡萄酒产业的重要地位，葡萄藤患皮尔斯病的发展是一个巨大威胁。然而，在欧洲葡萄园周围，木质部取食者（可能是Xf的传播媒介）所涉及的昆虫栖息地和昆虫 - 植物相互作用网络在很大程度上尚不清楚。在此，我们描述了法国南部三个关键葡萄酒产区（普罗旺斯 - 阿尔卑斯 - 蓝色海岸、奥克西塔尼、新阿基坦）的这些网络，以确定主要的木质部取食者栖息地，并评估它们在栖息地、植物科和植物物种水平上的专业化程度。在2020年秋季、2021年春季和2021年秋季的三个采样期内，共研究了92个景观（以及700个地点）。在所采样的栖息地中，草地拥有最大的木质部取食者群落，其次是苜蓿地。葡萄园地头和行间的木质部取食者群落略小，这表明潜在的Xf传播媒介在作物附近大量繁殖。葡萄藤上的木质部取食者很少，这表明虽然这种传播很少见，但有可能传播到易受影响的作物上。沫蝉（Philaenus spumarius）、柳沫蝉（Aphrophora alni）、黄斑黑沫蝉（Lepyronia coleoptrata）和绿头叶蝉（Cicadella viridis）在栖息地、植物科或植物物种水平上都是类似的泛化种。唯一的特化种是柳沫蝉属（Aphrophora grp. salicina），它仅限于河岸森林和杨柳科植物。新沫蝉属（Neophilaenus spp.）在植物科水平上是极端特化种（禾本科），但在栖息地和植物物种水平上是泛化种。对所有1017只昆虫进行的Xf检测均为阴性，这表明Xf在研究区域内并不广泛传播。我们的研究提供了关于Xf潜在传播媒介的新的基础生态信息，特别是关于它们的专业化和取食偏好，以及可能与流行病学监测计划设计相关的实用信息。
