Yin Peng, Dong Shilin, Yu Jiaoyang, Zhao Zhengnan, Hu Yunxiang
Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
School of Graduates, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 Sep 10;20:11061-11079. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S539879. eCollection 2025.
Osteoporosis (OP) is a degenerative bone disease characterized by decreased bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue microstructure, which increases skeletal fragility and the risk of fractures. Currently, the drugs used clinically to treat OP are primarily classified into two types: bone resorption inhibitors and bone formation promoters. Although they demonstrate certain efficacy, most anti-OP medications do not specifically target bone tissue and may produce significant side effects. In recent years, bone-targeted therapies nano-drug delivery systems (NDDSs) for OP have gained attention due to their high drug loading capacity, strong targeting ability, ease of modification, and good biocompatibility. These characteristics effectively address the limitations of traditional therapies and have been widely applied in the treatment of OP. Therefore, this article systematically summarizes recent applications of NDDSs (including inorganic, organic, biogenic, and hybrid systems) in the treatment of OP, focusing on targeting design strategies, in vitro and in vivo efficacy validation, and clinical translation challenges, aiming to provide theoretical references for the development of the next generation of targeted nanomedicines.
骨质疏松症（OP）是一种退行性骨病，其特征是骨量减少和骨组织微观结构恶化，这会增加骨骼的脆弱性和骨折风险。目前，临床上用于治疗OP的药物主要分为两类：骨吸收抑制剂和骨形成促进剂。尽管它们显示出一定的疗效，但大多数抗OP药物并非特异性地作用于骨组织，可能会产生显著的副作用。近年来，用于OP的骨靶向治疗纳米药物递送系统（NDDSs）因其高载药量、强靶向能力、易于修饰和良好的生物相容性而受到关注。这些特性有效地解决了传统疗法的局限性，并已广泛应用于OP的治疗。因此，本文系统总结了NDDSs（包括无机、有机、生物源性和混合系统）在OP治疗中的最新应用，重点关注靶向设计策略、体外和体内疗效验证以及临床转化挑战，旨在为下一代靶向纳米药物的开发提供理论参考。
