Deng Kai, Liu Jiamei, Miao Ye, Wang Guanqi, Wang Xingli, Liu Shengye, Yang Liyu
Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Department of Pathology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Sep 1;12:1563604. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1563604. eCollection 2025.
Inflammatory reactions can induce or facilitate the occurrence and development of various diseases in the human body. It is crucial to regulate and actively control inflammatory factors to maintain the health of an individual. Vitamins D and E and magnesium ions may potentially inhibit inflammatory responses. Abnormal lipid metabolism is known to affect people's health and lead to serious diseases. Magnesium and vitamin E are also known to possess anti-lipidemic properties. It is worth noting that the prevalence and disease burden of some diseases are related to overweight and obesity. This systematic review and meta-analysis assesses the impact of magnesium and vitamin D or vitamin E co-supplementation on inflammation and lipid metabolism markers of obese/overweight population in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane databases until January 2024 to investigate the impact of simultaneous supplementation of magnesium and vitamin D/E. In both intervention and control groups, the research analyzed the pooled mean difference (MD) and the associated 95% confidence interval (CI) of marker levels of inflammation and lipid metabolism.
Meta-analysis of nine RCTs (total of 509 individuals) showed that magnesium and vitamin D significantly elevated the levels of 25(OH)D (MD:13.37, 95%CI: 0.45, 26.29, = 0.04) and magnesium (MD: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.27, < 0.00001). Co-supplementation of magnesium and vitamin D/E lowered levels of serum hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (MD: -1.19, 95%CI: -1.95, -0.42, = 0.002). In subgroup analysis, serum levels of hs-CRP was notably reduced in individuals receiving magnesium and vitamin D supplementation (MD = -0.66, 95%CI: -1.17, -0.14, = 0.01). However, no significant differences were observed between magnesium and vitamin E supplementation (MD: -3.54, 95%CI: -9.52, 2.43, = 0.25). The combination of magnesium and vitamin D significantly reduced tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-α) levels (MD: -0.87, 95%CI: -1.62, -0.11, = 0.02). In contrast, the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) showed a non-significant decrease (MD: -0.09, 95%CI: -0.33, 0.15, = 0.46), and did not significantly affect lipid metabolism according to levels of parameters such as serum triglyceride (MD = 1.84, 95% CI: -28.92, 32.60, = 0.91), serum LDL-c (MD: -4.56, 95% CI: -14.19, 5.08, = 0.35), and serum HDL-c (MD: 1.96, 95% CI: -3.07, 6.98, = 0.45) in the co-supplementation of magnesium and Vitamin E.
This study demonstrates a notable decrease in hs-CRP and TNF- levels through vitamin D and magnesium co-supplementation in individuals. Particularly, middle-aged women with vitamin D deficiency, and obese or overweight participants, may experience specific benefits from vitamin D and magnesium co-supplementation in reducing inflammatory response. However, magnesium and vitamin E supplementation did not significantly reduce the indicators of lipid metabolism.
炎症反应可诱发或促进人体多种疾病的发生和发展。调节并积极控制炎症因子对于维持个体健康至关重要。维生素D、维生素E和镁离子可能具有抑制炎症反应的作用。众所周知，脂质代谢异常会影响人们的健康并导致严重疾病。镁和维生素E也具有抗血脂特性。值得注意的是，某些疾病的患病率和疾病负担与超重和肥胖有关。本系统评价和荟萃分析评估了在随机对照试验（RCT）中，镁与维生素D或维生素E联合补充对肥胖/超重人群炎症和脂质代谢标志物的影响。
截至2024年1月，在PubMed、科学网、Embase和Cochrane数据库中进行了全面检索，以研究同时补充镁和维生素D/E的影响。在干预组和对照组中，该研究分析了炎症和脂质代谢标志物水平的合并平均差（MD）及相关的95%置信区间（CI）。
对9项RCT（共509名个体）的荟萃分析表明，镁和维生素D显著提高了25(OH)D水平（MD：13.37，95%CI：0.45，26.29，P = 0.04）和镁水平（MD：0.21，95%CI：0.16，0.27，P < 0.00001）。镁与维生素D/E联合补充降低了血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）水平（MD：-1.19，95%CI：-1.95，-0.42，P = 0.002）。在亚组分析中，接受镁和维生素D补充的个体血清hs-CRP水平显著降低（MD = -0.66，95%CI：-1.17，-0.14，P = 0.01）。然而，镁与维生素E补充之间未观察到显著差异（MD：-3.54，95%CI：-9.52，2.43，P = 0.25）。镁与维生素D联合补充显著降低了肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平（MD：-0.87，95%CI：-1.62，-0.11，P = 0.02）。相比之下，白细胞介素-6（IL-6）血清水平呈非显著下降（MD：-0.09，95%CI：-0.33，0.15，P = 0.46），并且根据血清甘油三酯（MD = 1.84，95%CI：-28.92，32.60，P = 0.91）、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）（MD：-4.56，95%CI：-14.19，5.08，P = 0.35）和血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）（MD：1.96，95%CI：-3.07，6.98，P = 0.45）等参数水平，对脂质代谢没有显著影响。
本研究表明，通过联合补充维生素D和镁，个体的hs-CRP和TNF-α水平显著降低。特别是，维生素D缺乏的中年女性以及肥胖或超重参与者，可能会从联合补充维生素D和镁中获得特定益处，以减轻炎症反应。然而，补充镁和维生素E并未显著降低脂质代谢指标。
