Mosquera-Lopez Erick, Louis Julien, Edwards Jason P, Pugh Jamie, Viggars Mark R, Owens Daniel J, Areta Jose L
Research Institute for Sport & Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Tom Reilly BuildingByrom St Campus, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2025 Sep 17. doi: 10.1007/s00421-025-05987-9.
Nutritional ketosis is purported to enhance skeletal muscle recovery and adaptation to exercise, yet precise adaptive mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the post-exercise molecular response to ketone monoesters (KME) in skeletal muscle by characterising the early transcriptomic response.
Following a randomised, double-blind, crossover design, recreationally active men (n = 9, age: 26 ± 5 (means ± SD) y; V̇O: 47 ± 4 mL·kg·min) completed two experimental trials where they ingested either 1.25 g·kg of KME or a taste-matched placebo (PLA) drink during exercise (90-min cycling at 60% of V̇O) and 3-h recovery. Blood samples were taken throughout for hormone and metabolite analyses, and muscle biopsies were taken at baseline and 3 h post-exercise for glycogen and genome-wide gene expression analyses.
Recovery ßHB concentrations were higher in KME (4.1 ± 0.7 mM) vs PLA (0.1 ± 0.0 mM, P < 0.001). Erythropoietin (EPO) showed a main effect of time (P = 0.044), but no condition effect (P = 0.087) or interaction (P = 0.318). Skeletal muscle glycogen decreased post-exercise (-57%, P < 0.001) as expected, but showed no condition effect (P = 0.889) or interaction (P = 0.907). We measured the expression of 16,898 genes, and despite a clear time effect on the skeletal muscle transcriptome (1561 differentially expressed genes post vs pre-exercise; q < 0.05 fold change > ± 1.5), there was no effect of condition.
KME did not demonstrate an effect on EPO concentration, muscle glycogen or transcriptome, suggesting DNA translation is likely not a process directly regulated by acute ketonaemia that increases early post-exercise.
营养性酮症被认为可增强骨骼肌恢复及对运动的适应性，但具体的适应机制尚不清楚。我们通过对早期转录组反应进行表征，研究了骨骼肌对酮单酯（KME）的运动后分子反应。
采用随机、双盲、交叉设计，有运动习惯的男性（n = 9，年龄：26±5（均值±标准差）岁；V̇O：47±4 mL·kg·min）完成两项实验性试验，在运动（以60% V̇O进行90分钟骑行）及3小时恢复期间，他们分别摄入1.25 g·kg的KME或口味匹配的安慰剂（PLA）饮料。在整个过程中采集血样进行激素和代谢物分析，并在基线和运动后3小时采集肌肉活检样本进行糖原和全基因组基因表达分析。
KME组运动后βHB浓度（4.1±0.7 mM）高于PLA组（0.1±0.0 mM，P < 0.001）。促红细胞生成素（EPO）显示出时间主效应（P = 0.044），但无条件效应（P = 0.087）或交互作用（P = 0.318）。如预期的那样，运动后骨骼肌糖原减少（-57%，P < 0.001）但无条件效应（P = 0.889）或交互作用（P = 0.907）。我们检测了16,898个基因的表达，尽管骨骼肌转录组存在明显的时间效应（运动后与运动前有1561个差异表达基因；q < 0.05，倍数变化>±1.5），但无条件效应。
KME对EPO浓度、肌肉糖原或转录组未显示出影响，这表明DNA翻译可能不是急性酮血症直接调节的过程，急性酮血症不会增加运动后的早期反应。
