Götz M, Brunner P
Zentralbl Allg Pathol. 1985;130(5):375-81.
Fingerlike excrescences of the bronchial basement membrane may occur as a consequence of alterations in human bronchial mucosa. Such lesions contain capillary vessels and subepithelial connective tissue in their interior (capillar body phenomenon, micropapillomatosis). The papillae develop passively as a result of capillary vessels pushing towards the epithelium. The precondition for the formation of papillae is an alteration of the epithelial layer from pseudostratified to stratified epithelium. The broad lower layer of the basement membrane is thinned due to the piling-up of wide-lumened capillary vessels at the basement membrane. The capillary vessel increases in length and forms loops which push the basement membrane up into the epithelial layer. In this process the epithelial cells are pushed apart. Four different types of papillae can be distinguished, the forms of which may be correlated with particular disturbances in the texture of the epithelial layer. Papillomatosis of the bronchial basement membrane is not pathological as such. It can contribute to the diagnosis of bronchus biopsy material. In the case of scaled-off epithelium its presence is evidence for an alteration of the mucosa into stratified epithelium (basal cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia, textureless epithelial layer).
支气管基底膜的指状赘生物可能是人类支气管黏膜改变的结果。此类病变内部含有毛细血管和上皮下结缔组织（毛细血管体现象、微乳头瘤病）。乳头是由于毛细血管向上皮方向推进而被动形成的。乳头形成的前提是上皮层从假复层上皮转变为复层上皮。由于宽腔毛细血管在基底膜处堆积，基底膜宽阔的下层变薄。毛细血管长度增加并形成环，将基底膜向上推至上皮层。在此过程中，上皮细胞被推开。可区分出四种不同类型的乳头，其形态可能与上皮层质地的特定紊乱相关。支气管基底膜的乳头瘤病本身并非病理性的。它有助于支气管活检材料的诊断。在有鳞状上皮脱落的情况下，其存在是黏膜转变为复层上皮（基底细胞增生、鳞状化生、无结构上皮层）的证据。
