Fazlali Mahbod, Nasira Maedeh, Osanloo Mahmoud, Zarenezhad Elham
Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Clin Chim Acta. 2026 Jan 15;579:120613. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2025.120613. Epub 2025 Sep 15.
Integrating nanotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionizes cancer diagnostics, propelling precision medicine into a transformative era. This review examines state-of-the-art nanobiosensors capable of detecting critical biomarkers-circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), with unprecedented sensitivity and specificity. We comprehensively analyze four primary biosensor modalities: optical, electrochemical, magnetic, and piezoelectric systems. These technologies facilitate early cancer detection, real-time disease monitoring, liquid biopsies, and theranostic applications. AI augments sensor performance by refining device design, optimizing signal processing, and enabling seamless integration within clinical workflows. Innovations in nanomaterials-from carbon-based nanoparticles (NPs) and metallic frameworks to polymeric and hybrid composites-underpin multifunctional platforms that merge molecular recognition, imaging, and therapeutic functionalities. RNA-targeting advancements, including single-cell sequencing and epitranscriptomic detection, further expand diagnostic frontiers by revealing novel biomarker signatures. Despite these advances, significant challenges remain in scalable manufacturing, long-term stability, regulatory compliance, and environmental sustainability. We advocate the development of portable, AI-driven point-of-care platforms and eco-friendly manufacturing practices to democratize access to these technologies globally. Through earlier detection, tailored treatment strategies, and equitable distribution, nanobiosensors are poised to redefine oncology diagnostics and improve patient outcomes worldwide, impacting clinical decision-making and patient quality of life.
将纳米技术与人工智能（AI）相结合，彻底改变了癌症诊断，将精准医学推进到一个变革性的时代。本综述探讨了能够以前所未有的灵敏度和特异性检测关键生物标志物——循环肿瘤DNA（ctDNA）、循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）和微小RNA（miRNA）的前沿纳米生物传感器。我们全面分析了四种主要的生物传感器模式：光学、电化学、磁性和压电系统。这些技术有助于早期癌症检测、实时疾病监测、液体活检和治疗诊断应用。人工智能通过改进设备设计、优化信号处理以及实现临床工作流程中的无缝集成来提高传感器性能。从碳基纳米颗粒（NP）和金属框架到聚合物和混合复合材料的纳米材料创新，支撑了融合分子识别、成像和治疗功能的多功能平台。包括单细胞测序和表观转录组检测在内的RNA靶向进展，通过揭示新的生物标志物特征进一步拓展了诊断前沿。尽管取得了这些进展，但在可扩展制造、长期稳定性、法规合规性和环境可持续性方面仍存在重大挑战。我们倡导开发便携式、人工智能驱动的即时护理平台和环保制造实践，以在全球范围内普及这些技术。通过早期检测、量身定制的治疗策略和公平分配，纳米生物传感器有望重新定义肿瘤学诊断并改善全球患者的治疗效果，影响临床决策和患者生活质量。
