Gu Tianzi, Chen Xinwen, Ma Tianyu, Ye Jia, Hao Dejun, Zhang Longwa
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Control, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, 230036, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.
J Chem Ecol. 2025 Sep 18;51(5):95. doi: 10.1007/s10886-025-01650-x.
Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and odorant receptors (ORs) are regarded as key proteins in the moth olfactory system. Sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) are also thought to play important roles, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Three SNMP genes, two candidate PBP genes, and three candidate PR genes were identified from Clostera restitura. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CresSNMP1 × 1 and CresSNMP1 × 2 were paralogs belonging to the lepidopteran SNMP1 subfamily, whereas SNMP2 consistently clustered within the SNMP2 clade. Only CresSNMP1 × 1 exhibited male-biased expression in adults, whereas SNMP2 presented an extremely high expression level in adult antennae and a stable expression profile from 1st to 5th instar larvae. These findings align with the well-established role of SNMP1 in pheromone detection, whereas SNMP2 may have both olfactory and nonolfactory functions. Multi-protein docking and split-ubiquitin yeast two-hybrid assays indicated that CresSNMPs, especially SNMP1, interact with both OBPs and candidate ORs, suggesting that SNMPs may function as molecular bridges between OBPs and ORs, facilitating the transfer of odorant molecules from OBPs to a specific OR subunits within the heterotetrameric complex.
气味结合蛋白（OBPs）和气味受体（ORs）被视为蛾类嗅觉系统中的关键蛋白。感觉神经元膜蛋白（SNMPs）也被认为起着重要作用，尽管其潜在机制仍不清楚。从柳毒蛾中鉴定出三个SNMP基因、两个候选PBP基因和三个候选PR基因。系统发育分析表明，CresSNMP1×1和CresSNMP1×2是属于鳞翅目SNMP1亚家族的旁系同源物，而SNMP2始终聚集在SNMP2进化枝内。只有CresSNMP1×1在成虫中表现出雄性偏向性表达，而SNMP2在成虫触角中呈现出极高的表达水平，并且在1至5龄幼虫中表达谱稳定。这些发现与SNMP1在信息素检测中已确立的作用一致，而SNMP2可能同时具有嗅觉和非嗅觉功能。多蛋白对接和分裂泛素酵母双杂交试验表明，CresSNMPs，尤其是SNMP1，与OBPs和候选ORs相互作用，这表明SNMPs可能作为OBPs和ORs之间的分子桥梁，促进气味分子从OBPs转移到异源四聚体复合物中的特定OR亚基。
