Wu Wencheng, Yang Xianwei, Zhang Deyu, Cui Hanxiao, Wang Xinyue, Zhou Bangguo, Zhou Yuyan, Huang Haojie, Lai Zhangqi
The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
Central Laboratory and Department of Medical Ultrasound, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China.
Mater Today Bio. 2025 Aug 28;34:102255. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102255. eCollection 2025 Oct.
Biological enzymes, with their high catalytic activity, strong specificity, and biocompatibility, hold significant application value in the biomedical field. However, their practical use is limited by high costs, poor environmental stability, and difficulties in large-scale production. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, with their high surface area, tunable enzyme-like catalytic activities (such as oxidase/peroxidase/catalase-mimicking properties), and unique photothermal/photodynamic effects, have provided new strategies for disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we first elucidate the bidirectional regulatory capacity of 2D nanozymes for redox reactions. We then classify and introduce the structural characteristics and catalytic mechanisms of various 2D nanozyme platforms, including carbon-based materials, black phosphorus, layered double hydroxides, transition metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks, MXenes, and other emerging nanomaterials. Finally, we summarize the latest research progress of 2D nanozymes in applications such as biosensors, cardiovascular diseases, bacterial infections, diabetic wounds, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, ischemic stroke, and cancer, highlighting their multifunctional theranostic effects. This review aims to provide theoretical references for the development of highly efficient and stable nanozyme materials and to promote the interdisciplinary development of catalytic medicine and nanotechnology.
生物酶具有高催化活性、强特异性和生物相容性，在生物医学领域具有重要的应用价值。然而，其实际应用受到高成本、环境稳定性差和大规模生产困难的限制。近年来，二维（2D）纳米材料具有高比表面积、可调的类酶催化活性（如模拟氧化酶/过氧化物酶/过氧化氢酶的性质）以及独特的光热/光动力效应，为疾病诊断和治疗提供了新策略。在本综述中，我们首先阐明二维纳米酶对氧化还原反应的双向调控能力。然后，我们对各种二维纳米酶平台的结构特征和催化机制进行分类和介绍，包括碳基材料、黑磷、层状双氢氧化物、过渡金属氧化物、金属有机框架、MXenes和其他新兴纳米材料。最后，我们总结了二维纳米酶在生物传感器、心血管疾病、细菌感染、糖尿病伤口、炎症性肠病、关节炎、缺血性中风和癌症等应用中的最新研究进展，突出了它们的多功能诊疗效果。本综述旨在为高效稳定的纳米酶材料的开发提供理论参考，并促进催化医学和纳米技术的跨学科发展。
