Zubair Akmal, Ali Muhammad, Wdidi Safa, Alkhedaide Adel Qlayel, Santacroce Luigi
Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Faculty of Medical Sciences Laboratory, Oncology Research Center, University of Shendi, Shendi, Sudan.
Retrovirology. 2025 Sep 19;22(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s12977-025-00668-z.
Over the past two decades, the global HIV/AIDS pandemic has emerged as one of the most pressing health concerns worldwide. In low-income countries, where resources are scarce, both the prevalence of HIV and the associated mortality rates have been steadily increasing. According to the national AIDS control program, approximately 74,619 individuals in Pakistan are living with HIV/AIDS, with cases distributed across various provinces and autonomous territories. The country's low literacy rate poses a significant barrier to understanding preventive measures, thereby facilitating the uncontrolled transmission of HIV through sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, and the use of contaminated medical equipment. Vulnerable populations include persons engaged in sex work, transgender individuals, males who have sex with men, and those who inject drugs. The movement and relocation of people, particularly in Karachi, are significant factors in the high prevalence of HIV. In Pakistan, where 20% of drug users are HIV positive the HIV positive population and is still spreading among injection drug users (IDUs). Male sex workers and transgender people who engage in sexual interactions with intravenous drug users are experiencing new outbreaks in some locations. HIV risk behaviors are influenced by limited awareness, social stigma, and inadequate harm reduction programs. The HIV/AIDS epidemic is spreading rapidly throughout Pakistan. This review article aims to identify the various factors that are involved in HIV epidemiology in Pakistan.
在过去二十年里，全球艾滋病毒/艾滋病大流行已成为全球最紧迫的健康问题之一。在资源匮乏的低收入国家，艾滋病毒的流行率和相关死亡率一直在稳步上升。根据国家艾滋病控制计划，巴基斯坦约有74,619人感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病，病例分布在各个省份和自治区。该国的低识字率对理解预防措施构成了重大障碍，从而助长了艾滋病毒通过性行为、输血和使用受污染的医疗设备进行的无控制传播。弱势群体包括从事性工作的人、变性人、男男性行为者以及注射毒品者。人员的流动和迁移，特别是在卡拉奇，是艾滋病毒高流行率的重要因素。在巴基斯坦，20%的吸毒者艾滋病毒呈阳性，艾滋病毒阳性人群仍在注射毒品使用者中蔓延。与静脉吸毒者发生性互动的男性性工作者和变性人在一些地方正经历新的疫情爆发。艾滋病毒风险行为受到认识有限、社会耻辱感和减少伤害计划不足的影响。艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫情正在巴基斯坦迅速蔓延。这篇综述文章旨在确定巴基斯坦艾滋病毒流行病学中涉及的各种因素。
