Goodson Mia M, Gwizdala Kathryn L, Manrique Isabella R, Rao Arushi, Beyl Robbie, Martin Corby K, Firmin Simon, Salceanu Vanessa, Newton Robert L, Carmichael Owen T
Department of Biomedical Imaging, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
Department of Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
J Endocr Soc. 2025 Aug 25;9(10):bvaf138. doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvaf138. eCollection 2025 Oct.
Intranasal insulin has emerged as a promising potential treatment for cognitive decline. However, African American adults are under-represented in this research area, and unintentional weight loss is a possible detrimental side effect.
We assessed effects of acute intranasal insulin exposure on food intake and appetite-related constructs among middle-aged, obese, cognitively normal African American adults. We hypothesized that intranasal insulin would result in fewer calories consumed, greater feelings of fullness, and less hunger compared to placebo.
A total of 39 participants received intranasal doses of Novolin-R (40 IU) and a saline placebo on separate days in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design, with 3-day, eucaloric, nutritionally balanced diets preceding each dose. Doses were preceded by a 4-hour fast and followed by a test lunch. Visual analog scales (VAS) were used to assess appetite immediately before and after each dose, and after each lunch. Mixed effects linear model tests were used to compare questionnaires and lunch intake between insulin and placebo.
There were no significant differences in food intake between conditions. However, feelings of fullness were significantly greater immediately after insulin compared to placebo. In addition, the desire to consume sweet foods decreased significantly more after insulin than after placebo.
Acute intranasal insulin was associated with a reduced desire for sweet foods and with increased feelings of fullness, but not reduced food intake, among middle-aged African American adults. Eating behavior and appetite changes should be explored further as possible side effects of intranasal insulin treatment for cognitive decline in diverse populations.
鼻内胰岛素已成为一种有前景的治疗认知衰退的潜在疗法。然而，非裔美国成年人在该研究领域的代表性不足，且无意的体重减轻是一种可能的有害副作用。
我们评估了急性鼻内胰岛素暴露对中年、肥胖、认知正常的非裔美国成年人食物摄入量及与食欲相关指标的影响。我们假设与安慰剂相比，鼻内胰岛素会使摄入的热量减少、饱腹感增强且饥饿感减轻。
共有39名参与者在双盲、平衡、交叉设计中于不同日期接受鼻内注射诺和灵R（40 IU）和生理盐水安慰剂，每次注射前均采用3天热量正常、营养均衡的饮食。每次注射前禁食4小时，之后进行测试午餐。使用视觉模拟量表（VAS）在每次注射前和注射后以及每次午餐后评估食欲。采用混合效应线性模型测试来比较胰岛素组和安慰剂组之间的问卷结果及午餐摄入量。
不同条件下的食物摄入量无显著差异。然而，与安慰剂相比，注射胰岛素后即刻的饱腹感显著更强。此外，注射胰岛素后对甜食的欲望比注射安慰剂后下降得更显著。
在中年非裔美国成年人中，急性鼻内胰岛素与对甜食欲望的降低及饱腹感的增强相关，但与食物摄入量的减少无关。作为鼻内胰岛素治疗不同人群认知衰退可能的副作用，应进一步探究饮食行为和食欲的变化。
