Duan Yuyuan, Wang Shuting, Zhang Xiaorong, Zhang Huimei, Wang Huizhu, Chen Shuai
College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin University of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China.
College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin University of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2025 Oct;121:107577. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107577. Epub 2025 Sep 19.
Rosa laevigata Michx. polysaccharide (RLMP) possess considerable bioactive potential; however, the frequency-dependent mechanisms underlying their ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) remain insufficiently understood. This study systematically investigated the influence of ultrasonic frequency on the extraction efficiency, structural characteristics, and antioxidant activity of RLMP, with the goal of optimizing the UAE process. Single-frequency ultrasound (SFU) at 20, 40, and 53 kHz and dual-frequency ultrasound (DFU) at 20/40 and 20/53 kHz were compared. Results demonstrated that 40 kHz SFU achieved the highest extraction yield, accompanied by higher glucose content, favorable molecular weight, and reduced protein contamination. In contrast, DFU treatments resulted in lower yields and elevated protein levels, indicating destructive wave interference rather than synergistic effects. Structural analyses further revealed that ultrasonic frequency significantly influenced monosaccharide composition, molecular weight distribution, and surface morphology, while the primary chemical structure remained unchanged. RLMP extracted at 40 kHz exhibited superior antioxidant activity, with more effective scavenging of diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and superoxide anion radicals. Cellular antioxidant assays further confirmed its protective effects, showing a 42.83 % reduction in intracellular reactive oxygen species and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity. Comparative analyses demonstrated that UAE outperformed both hot-water extraction and microwave-assisted extraction under identical conditions. Process optimization using particle swarm optimization-support vector regression achieved higher predictive accuracy (R = 0.9983) than response surface methodology (R = 0.9816), identifying optimal extraction parameters: 34 min sonication time, 19 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, 180 W power, 41°C temperature, and 0.355 mm particle size, under which a maximum yield of 11.07 % was obtained. The purified RLMP-2 fraction, which contained 93.34 % total carbohydrates content, was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a heteropolysaccharide containing both ⍺- and β-glycosidic linkages. These findings provide theoretical guidance for the industrial-scale ultrasonic extraction of RLMP, though challenges including acoustic field uniformity, energy efficiency, and equipment scaling require systematic investigation before commercial implementation.
金樱子多糖（RLMP）具有相当大的生物活性潜力；然而，其超声辅助提取（UAE）的频率依赖性机制仍未得到充分理解。本研究系统地研究了超声频率对RLMP提取效率、结构特征和抗氧化活性的影响，旨在优化UAE工艺。比较了20、40和53kHz的单频超声（SFU）以及20/40和20/53kHz的双频超声（DFU）。结果表明，40kHz的SFU实现了最高的提取率，同时葡萄糖含量更高、分子量适宜且蛋白质污染减少。相比之下，DFU处理导致产率较低且蛋白质水平升高，表明存在破坏性波干扰而非协同效应。结构分析进一步表明，超声频率显著影响单糖组成、分子量分布和表面形态，而主要化学结构保持不变。在40kHz提取的RLMP表现出优异的抗氧化活性，能更有效地清除二苯基-1-苦基肼、2,2'-联氮-双-（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）和超氧阴离子自由基。细胞抗氧化试验进一步证实了其保护作用，细胞内活性氧减少42.83%，超氧化物歧化酶活性增强。比较分析表明，在相同条件下，UAE优于热水提取和微波辅助提取。使用粒子群优化-支持向量回归进行工艺优化比响应面法（R = 0.9816）具有更高的预测准确性（R = 0.9983），确定了最佳提取参数：超声处理时间34分钟、液固比19mL/g、功率180W、温度41°C和粒径0.355mm，在此条件下获得的最大产率为11.07%。纯化的RLMP-2级分总碳水化合物含量为93.34%，通过核磁共振（NMR）表征为同时含有α-和β-糖苷键的杂多糖。这些发现为RLMP的工业规模超声提取提供了理论指导，不过在商业实施之前，包括声场均匀性、能源效率和设备放大等挑战需要系统研究。
