Salihas Saima Nazar, Muthuramalingam Karthick, Ande Anushree, Suresh Aswathy, Chauhan Abhishek Singh
Internal Medicine, Travancore Medical College, Kerala, IND.
General Medicine, Madras Medical College, Chennai, IND.
Cureus. 2025 Sep 23;17(9):e92991. doi: 10.7759/cureus.92991. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults. Respiratory infections such as influenza and pneumonia further increase mortality due to impaired cough reflex, dysphagia, and reduced immunity. Limited research has examined long-term mortality trends where these infections contribute to PD-related deaths.
This study aimed to evaluate the crude and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) of individuals with PD where influenza or pneumonia were contributing factors.
We conducted a retrospective study using the CDC Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) Multiple Cause of Death (MCD) database (1999-2020). Individuals aged ≥45 years with PD (ICD-10: G20) as the underlying cause of death and influenza or pneumonia (ICD-10: J09-J18) as contributing causes were included. Mortality rates were calculated per 1,000,000 population and age-adjusted to the 2000 US Standard Population. Demographic, geographic, and temporal patterns were analyzed using JoinPoint regression.
From 1999 to 2020, 43,644 deaths were identified. Males accounted for 28,831 deaths (66.1%), and White individuals accounted for 40,716 deaths (93.3%). Most deaths occurred in metropolitan areas (35,261 deaths, 80.8%) and nursing homes/long-term care facilities (19,223 deaths, 44%). The crude mortality rate was 16.6 per 1,000,000 population. AAMRs showed a significant overall decline (annual percentage change (APC), -4.41%; p < 0.05). Male mortality remained consistently higher than female mortality (14,813 deaths, 33.9%). Racial disparities were observed, with White individuals showing the greatest burden (40,716 deaths, 93.3%), while Black (1,581 deaths, 3.6%) and Asian or Pacific Islander groups (1,205 deaths, 2.8%) demonstrated fluctuating but declining trends.
Mortality from PD with influenza or pneumonia declined significantly between 1999 and 2020, reflecting improvements in infection control and elderly care. However, disparities by sex, race, and geography persist, underscoring the need for targeted interventions, particularly in long-term care settings.
帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，是老年人发病和死亡的主要原因。流感和肺炎等呼吸道感染由于咳嗽反射受损、吞咽困难和免疫力下降，进一步增加了死亡率。关于这些感染导致帕金森病相关死亡的长期死亡率趋势的研究有限。
本研究旨在评估流感或肺炎为促成因素的帕金森病患者的粗死亡率和年龄调整死亡率（AAMR）。
我们使用美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的广泛在线流行病学研究数据（WONDER）多死因（MCD）数据库（1999 - 2020年）进行了一项回顾性研究。纳入年龄≥45岁、以帕金森病（国际疾病分类第十版：G20）为根本死因且流感或肺炎（国际疾病分类第十版：J09 - J18）为促成死因的个体。按每100万人口计算死亡率，并根据2000年美国标准人口进行年龄调整。使用JoinPoint回归分析人口统计学、地理和时间模式。
1999年至2020年，共确定43,644例死亡。男性死亡28,831例（66.1%），白人死亡40,716例（93.3%）。大多数死亡发生在大都市地区（35,261例死亡，80.8%）和疗养院/长期护理机构（19,223例死亡，44%）。粗死亡率为每100万人口16.6例。年龄调整死亡率总体呈显著下降趋势（年变化百分比（APC），-4.41%；p < 0.05）。男性死亡率一直高于女性死亡率（14,813例死亡，33.9%）。观察到种族差异，白人负担最重（40,716例死亡，93.3%），而黑人（1,581例死亡，3.6%）和亚洲或太平洋岛民群体（1,205例死亡，2.8%）呈波动但下降趋势。
1999年至2020年期间，帕金森病合并流感或肺炎导致的死亡率显著下降，这反映了感染控制和老年护理方面的改善。然而，性别、种族和地域差异仍然存在，这突出表明需要有针对性的干预措施，特别是在长期护理环境中。
