Gong Liping, Song Yufeng, Cheng Shengquan, Du Jing, Liang Juan
Department of Pediatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Sep 10;13:1523626. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1523626. eCollection 2025.
This multi-center cross-sectional study aims to analyze growth and development levels and identify factors influencing these parameters among children aged 3-12 years in multiple regions of China.
A total of 4,219 children (2,231 males and 1988 females) were included from local schools and community centers across 10 regions. Physical measurements (height, weight, and BMI) and bone age (assessed by R-series and C-series methods) were recorded. Parental heights were used to predict genetic adult height. A structured questionnaire provided data on demographics, family medical history, and lifestyle factors. Statistical analyses included t-tests, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression.
No significant sex differences were found in growth and development indices across age groups. Predicted adult height was higher in boys (176.17 ± 104.77 cm) than in girls (169.06 ± 7.13 cm). Age showed positive correlations with height ( = 0.400, 0.001), weight ( = 0.584, 0.001), and BMI ( = 0.699, 0.001). Father's height was positively correlated with child height ( = 0.106, 0.041). Multiple linear regression indicated that age, weight, BMI, father's height, and C-series bone age were significant predictors of child height ( 0.001), with weight having the largest effect ( = 1.012). BMI and C-series bone age were significant predictors of weight ( 0.001), while weight and height were significant predictors of BMI ( 0.001).
Growth and development in children are influenced by a combination of genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors. Understanding these influences can aid in developing targeted interventions to promote healthy growth patterns among children across diverse regions.
本多中心横断面研究旨在分析中国多个地区3至12岁儿童的生长发育水平，并确定影响这些参数的因素。
从10个地区的当地学校和社区中心纳入了4219名儿童（2231名男性和1988名女性）。记录了身体测量数据（身高、体重和BMI）以及骨龄（通过R系列和C系列方法评估）。用父母身高预测遗传成人身高。一份结构化问卷提供了关于人口统计学、家族病史和生活方式因素的数据。统计分析包括t检验、Pearson相关性分析和多元线性回归。
各年龄组的生长发育指标在性别上无显著差异。预测的成人身高男孩（176.17±104.77厘米）高于女孩（169.06±7.13厘米）。年龄与身高（r = 0.400，P < 0.001）、体重（r = 0.584，P < 0.001）和BMI（r = 0.699，P < 0.001）呈正相关。父亲身高与孩子身高呈正相关（r = 0.106，P = 0.041）。多元线性回归表明，年龄、体重、BMI、父亲身高和C系列骨龄是儿童身高的显著预测因素（P < 0.001），其中体重影响最大（β = 1.012）。BMI和C系列骨龄是体重的显著预测因素（P < 0.001），而体重和身高是BMI的显著预测因素（P < 0.001）。
儿童的生长发育受遗传、营养和环境因素的综合影响。了解这些影响有助于制定有针对性的干预措施，以促进不同地区儿童的健康生长模式。
