Suwabe Kazuya, Yassa Michael A, Suzuki Kenji, Sankai Yoshiyuki, Soya Hideaki
Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ibaraki, Japan.
Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Adv Neurobiol. 2025;44:95-111. doi: 10.1007/978-981-95-0066-6_5.
Animal studies have demonstrated that physical exercise enhances neural plasticity, particularly in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), and improves learning and memory. Notably, these effects are more pronounced with light-intensity exercise compared to higher-intensity exercise. Recent advancements have enabled the investigation of hippocampal memory in humans, especially DG-dependent pattern separation, providing a bridge between animal and human research. In this chapter, we outline the methodological approaches for assessing hippocampal pattern separation using mnemonic discrimination tasks and high-resolution MRI, and we review key studies examining the effects of aerobic exercise on human DG function. Evidence from cross-sectional, acute, and chronic exercise intervention studies supports the positive impact of exercise and physical activity, with some findings aligning with the exercise hormesis observed in animals. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal exercise conditions for enhancing hippocampal memory and to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms.
动物研究表明，体育锻炼可增强神经可塑性，尤其是在海马齿状回（DG），并改善学习和记忆。值得注意的是，与高强度运动相比，这些效应在低强度运动中更为明显。最近的进展使得对人类海马记忆的研究成为可能，特别是对依赖DG的模式分离的研究，为动物研究和人类研究之间架起了一座桥梁。在本章中，我们概述了使用记忆辨别任务和高分辨率MRI评估海马模式分离的方法，并回顾了研究有氧运动对人类DG功能影响的关键研究。横断面、急性和慢性运动干预研究的证据支持运动和体育活动的积极影响，一些发现与在动物中观察到的运动应激效应一致。然而，需要进一步的研究来确定增强海马记忆的最佳运动条件，并阐明潜在的神经机制。
