有氧运动和视频游戏相结合对老年人的干预：改善记忆辨别力的效果和神经基础。
A Combined Intervention of Aerobic Exercise and Video Game in Older Adults: The Efficacy and Neural Basis on Improving Mnemonic Discrimination.
机构信息
Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
出版信息
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2023 Aug 2;78(8):1436-1444. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glac232.
BACKGROUND
Mnemonic discrimination is very vulnerable to aging. Previous studies have reported that aerobic exercise and enriched cognitive stimulation (e.g., video games) could improve mnemonic discrimination in older adults. The animal model suggested that combining the 2 training methods could result in a larger improvement. However, there is limited evidence on the potential superior efficacy of combined intervention with human participants. Moreover, the neural basis of this potential superior is poorly understood.
METHODS
We conducted a 16-week intervention trial with 98 community-dwelling older adults assigned to one of the four groups (combined training, aerobic cycling alone, video game alone, or passive control). Mnemonic discrimination was measured as the primary behavioral outcome, hippocampal volume, and functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) were measured as neural indicators.
RESULTS
Participants receiving the combined intervention demonstrated the largest effect size of mnemonic discrimination improvement. Magnetic resonance image results indicated aerobic exercising increased left hippocampal volume, while video-game training counteracted the decline of DMN functional connectivity with aging. The synergy of hippocampal structural and functional plasticity observed in the combined training group explained why the largest intervention benefits were obtained by this group.
CONCLUSION
Despite the nonrandomized design (i.e., likely self-selection bias), our results provide new evidence that combined intervention of exercise and cognitive training is more effective than single intervention for older adults. Parallel to animal studies, aerobic exercise and the video game with enriched cognitive stimulation could induce hippocampal plasticity through separate structural and functional pathways.
CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NUMBER
ChiCTR1900022702.
背景
记忆辨别能力非常容易受到衰老的影响。先前的研究报告称，有氧运动和丰富的认知刺激（例如视频游戏）可以改善老年人的记忆辨别能力。动物模型表明，将这两种训练方法结合起来可以带来更大的改善。然而，关于人类参与者联合干预可能具有更好效果的证据有限。此外，这种潜在优势的神经基础理解得还很少。
方法
我们进行了一项为期 16 周的干预试验，共有 98 名居住在社区的老年人被分配到四个组之一（联合训练组、单独有氧运动组、单独视频游戏组或被动对照组）。记忆辨别能力是主要的行为结果，海马体体积和默认模式网络（DMN）的功能连接作为神经指标进行测量。
结果
接受联合干预的参与者表现出最大的记忆辨别能力改善效果大小。磁共振成像结果表明，有氧运动增加了左海马体体积，而视频游戏训练则抵消了随着年龄增长 DMN 功能连接的下降。在联合训练组中观察到的海马体结构和功能可塑性的协同作用解释了为什么该组获得了最大的干预益处。
结论
尽管存在非随机设计（即可能存在自我选择偏差），但我们的结果提供了新的证据，表明运动和认知训练的联合干预比单一干预对老年人更有效。与动物研究平行，有氧运动和富含认知刺激的视频游戏可以通过单独的结构和功能途径诱导海马体可塑性。
临床试验注册号
ChiCTR1900022702。
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