Sobhanian Seyed Ali, Saremnezhad Solmaz, Soltani Mostafa
Department of Pharma-Economy, TeMS. C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Food Sciences and Technology, TeMS. C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Sep 26;15(1):33105. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-17212-w.
Production of functional foods containing health promoting phytochemicals is an attractive issue in food sector. Activating a plant's defense system by different biotic and abiotic stressors boosts the synthesis of bioactive metabolites. Using this method could be a solution for producing edible sprouts rich in nutraceuticals. Limited studies have been conducted on the production of functional legume sprouts using chemical elicitors, while the effect of cold plasma as a novel physical elicitor on the synthesis of bioactives in fresh sprouts has been neglected. Hence, this research aimed to compare the effect of low-pressure plasma (at different power levels and treatment times) and chemical elicitors (ascorbic acid, glutamic acid, chitosan, chitosan in glutamic acid, and NaCl) on enrichment of lentil sprouts with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), phenolic and antioxidant compounds. First, cold-plasma at 30, 40, 50, and 60 watts was applied to the seeds for 5 and 10 min, then the seeds germinated for 48 and 72 h. In the second stage, the effect of irrigation of seeds with chemical elicitors during 48 h of germination was investigated. The highest amount of GABA (1476.26 ppm) was measured in lentil sprouts after plasma treatment at 40 watts, 5 min and further germination for 48 h, or irrigation of seedlings with chitosan (1425.32 ppm) and ascorbic acid (1427.99 ppm). The maximum phenolics content and antioxidant activity were observed at 30 watts, 5 and 10 min of plasma treatment and 48 h of sprouting respectively. As conclusion, both cold-plasma and chemical elicitors were effective in enhancing the bioactive content of lentil sprouts. The important point is to optimize the conditions of each method to obtain the maximum amount of the desired bioactive compounds.
生产含有促进健康植物化学物质的功能性食品是食品行业中一个具有吸引力的问题。通过不同的生物和非生物应激源激活植物的防御系统可促进生物活性代谢物的合成。使用这种方法可能是生产富含营养保健品的可食用豆芽的一种解决方案。关于使用化学诱导剂生产功能性豆类芽苗菜的研究有限，而冷等离子体作为一种新型物理诱导剂对新鲜芽苗菜中生物活性物质合成的影响却被忽视了。因此，本研究旨在比较低压等离子体（在不同功率水平和处理时间下）和化学诱导剂（抗坏血酸、谷氨酸、壳聚糖、谷氨酸中的壳聚糖和氯化钠）对富含γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）、酚类和抗氧化化合物的小扁豆芽苗菜富集效果的影响。首先，将30、40、50和60瓦的冷等离子体施加到种子上5分钟和10分钟，然后种子发芽48小时和72小时。在第二阶段，研究了在发芽48小时期间用化学诱导剂灌溉种子的效果。在40瓦、5分钟的等离子体处理并进一步发芽48小时后的小扁豆芽苗菜中，或用壳聚糖（1425.32 ppm）和抗坏血酸（1427.99 ppm）灌溉幼苗后，测得的GABA含量最高（1476.26 ppm）。分别在30瓦、5分钟和10分钟的等离子体处理以及48小时的发芽后观察到最大的酚类含量和抗氧化活性。总之，冷等离子体和化学诱导剂都能有效提高小扁豆芽苗菜的生物活性成分含量。重要的是要优化每种方法的条件，以获得最大量的所需生物活性化合物。
