Bentaher Abderrazzak, Glehen Olivier, Degobert Ghania
Inflammation and Immunity of the Respiratory Epithelium, INSERM, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, UR3738, South Medical University Hospital, 165 Chemin du Petit Revoyet, 69395 Oullins-Pierre-Benite, France.
Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, CICLY-UR3738, South Medical University Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69395 Pierre-Benite, France.
Biomedicines. 2025 Aug 30;13(9):2120. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13092120.
Pulmonary emphysema, the main component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a chronic lung inflammatory disease characterized by the loss of lung elasticity and impaired gas exchange due in large part to the destruction of alveolar walls. Cigarette smoking represents the most frequent etiologic factor, but other factors involving environmental pollution and respiratory infections contribute to disease pathogenesis and worsening. In this review, we provide a review about emphysema covering risk factors; underlying mechanisms of disease pathogenesis; experimental models that mimic, as closely as possible, human disease features; and available therapeutics. Lastly, exploratory therapeutic approaches aimed at improving patient health through evidence-based and personalized medicine are presented as well.
肺气肿是慢性阻塞性肺疾病的主要组成部分，是一种慢性肺部炎症性疾病，其特征是肺弹性丧失和气体交换受损，这在很大程度上归因于肺泡壁的破坏。吸烟是最常见的病因，但其他涉及环境污染和呼吸道感染的因素也会导致疾病的发病机制和病情恶化。在本综述中，我们对肺气肿进行了综述，内容涵盖危险因素、疾病发病机制的潜在机制、尽可能模拟人类疾病特征的实验模型以及现有的治疗方法。最后，还介绍了旨在通过循证医学和个性化医疗改善患者健康的探索性治疗方法。
