Gombos László, Búza László, Szabó Ferenc, Varga László
Wittmann Antal Multidisciplinary Doctoral School of Plant, Animal, and Food Sciences, Széchenyi István University, 2 Vár Square, 9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary.
Institute of Food Chain Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, 2 István Street, 1078 Budapest, Hungary.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Sep 20;15(18):2753. doi: 10.3390/ani15182753.
This review investigates genetic strategies aimed at improving robustness in pigs to enhance disease resistance and reduce reliance on antibiotics. Robustness refers to a pig's ability to stay healthy and productive under stressful or challenging conditions. The review outlines current breeding practices focused on key traits such as maternal ability, growth, immune function, and survival, and highlights that these robustness-related traits show measurable heritability, making them suitable for genetic improvement. Special attention is given to resistance against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), a major disease in swine. We also evaluate breed-specific differences, environmental influences, and immune response profiles, emphasizing their impact on breeding outcomes. The development of robust pig lines emerges as a sustainable strategy to reduce antibiotic dependence and enhance herd health. A distinctive contribution of this work is the integration of genetic robustness and resilience strategies with antibiotic stewardship objectives. We link genomic selection, advanced phenotyping, and targeted management interventions within a One Health framework to outline actionable, system-level pathways for reducing antimicrobial inputs. To our knowledge, this combined genetic and public health perspective has not been comprehensively addressed previously.
本综述研究了旨在提高猪的健壮性以增强抗病能力并减少对抗生素依赖的遗传策略。健壮性指猪在应激或挑战性条件下保持健康和生产性能的能力。该综述概述了当前专注于诸如母性能力、生长、免疫功能和存活率等关键性状的育种实践，并强调这些与健壮性相关的性状具有可测量的遗传力，使其适合进行遗传改良。特别关注了对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）的抗性，这是猪的一种主要疾病。我们还评估了品种特异性差异、环境影响和免疫反应概况，强调了它们对育种结果的影响。培育健壮的猪品系成为减少抗生素依赖和增强猪群健康的一项可持续策略。这项工作的一个独特贡献是将遗传健壮性和恢复力策略与抗生素管理目标相结合。我们在“同一健康”框架内将基因组选择、先进的表型分析和有针对性的管理干预联系起来，以勾勒出减少抗菌药物投入的可操作的系统层面途径。据我们所知，这种遗传与公共卫生相结合的观点此前尚未得到全面探讨。
