Zhao Yuanshu, Wu Zhibin, Mu Yongkun, Jia Yuefei, Jia Yandong, Wang Gang
State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials, Shanghai University, Jiashan 314100, China.
Entropy (Basel). 2025 Aug 29;27(9):917. doi: 10.3390/e27090917.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have shown great promise for applications in extreme service environments due to their exceptional mechanical properties and thermal stability. However, traditional alloy design often struggles to balance multiple properties such as strength and ductility. Constructing heterogeneous microstructures has emerged as an effective strategy to overcome this challenge. With the rapid advancement of additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, their unique ability to fabricate complex, spatially controlled, and non-equilibrium microstructures offers unprecedented opportunities for tailoring heterostructures in HEAs with high precision. This review highlights recent progress in utilizing AM to engineer heterogeneous microstructures in high-performance HEAs. It systematically examines the multiscale heterogeneities induced by the thermal cycling effects inherent to AM techniques such as selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM). The review further discusses the critical role of these heterostructures in enhancing the synergy between strength and ductility, as well as improving work-hardening behavior. AM enables the design-driven fabrication of tailored microstructures, signaling a shift from traditional "performance-driven" alloy design paradigms toward a new model centered on "microstructural control". In summary, additive manufacturing provides an ideal platform for constructing heterogeneous HEAs and holds significant promise for advancing high-performance alloy systems. Its integration into alloy design represents both a valuable theoretical framework and a practical pathway for developing next-generation structural materials with multiple performance attributes.
高熵合金（HEAs）因其优异的力学性能和热稳定性，在极端服役环境的应用中展现出巨大潜力。然而，传统合金设计往往难以平衡强度和延展性等多种性能。构建异质微观结构已成为克服这一挑战的有效策略。随着增材制造（AM）技术的迅速发展，其制造复杂、空间可控且非平衡微观结构的独特能力，为高精度定制高熵合金中的异质结构提供了前所未有的机遇。本综述重点介绍了利用增材制造技术在高性能高熵合金中设计异质微观结构的最新进展。系统研究了诸如选择性激光熔化（SLM）和电子束熔化（EBM）等增材制造技术固有的热循环效应所诱导的多尺度异质性。该综述进一步讨论了这些异质结构在增强强度与延展性之间的协同作用以及改善加工硬化行为方面的关键作用。增材制造能够实现由设计驱动的定制微观结构制造，标志着从传统的“性能驱动”合金设计范式向以“微观结构控制”为中心的新模型转变。总之，增材制造为构建异质高熵合金提供了理想平台，在推进高性能合金体系方面具有重大前景。其融入合金设计既代表了一个有价值的理论框架，也是开发具有多种性能属性的下一代结构材料的实用途径。
