Zhang Hong, Su Mengjie, Zhang Yu, Feng Qiuxia, Liu Yuntao, Zeng Zhen, Zhang Qing, Fang Zhengfeng, Li Shanshan, Chen Hong
College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 46, Xinkang Road, Yucheng District, Ya'an 625014, China.
Foods. 2025 Sep 17;14(18):3234. doi: 10.3390/foods14183234.
The undesirable properties of bioactive substances (such as poor solubility and low stability) and various barriers in the gastrointestinal tract (gastric acid, digestive enzymes, mucus and intestinal epithelial cells) hinder their absorption and utilisation by the human body. Nanodelivery systems have been proven to effectively address the above problems, particularly targeted nanodelivery systems, which have more advantages in improving the bioavailability of bioactive substances. However, many studies have not included all barriers. Furthermore, given that the small intestine is the main site for the absorption of bioactive substances in the human body, this review primarily discusses targeted nanodelivery systems designed for the gastrointestinal barrier and summarises how to construct a nanodelivery system that can resist the adverse effects of the gastrointestinal tract and target the small intestine for the absorption of bioactive substances. This paper proposes that the ideal system is the active targeted nanodelivery system that targets enterocytes and its future development trend is discussed. This review aims to provide new insights for the rational design of nanodelivery platforms that efficiently target the small intestine and promote the absorption of bioactive substances, as well as promote the development of fields such as personalised nutrition and nutritional intervention.
生物活性物质的不良特性（如溶解度差和稳定性低）以及胃肠道中的各种屏障（胃酸、消化酶、黏液和肠上皮细胞）阻碍了它们被人体吸收和利用。纳米递送系统已被证明能有效解决上述问题，尤其是靶向纳米递送系统，其在提高生物活性物质的生物利用度方面具有更多优势。然而，许多研究并未涵盖所有屏障。此外，鉴于小肠是人体中生物活性物质吸收的主要部位，本综述主要讨论针对胃肠道屏障设计的靶向纳米递送系统，并总结如何构建一种能够抵御胃肠道不良影响并靶向小肠以促进生物活性物质吸收的纳米递送系统。本文提出理想的系统是靶向肠上皮细胞的主动靶向纳米递送系统，并讨论了其未来的发展趋势。本综述旨在为合理设计高效靶向小肠并促进生物活性物质吸收的纳米递送平台提供新的见解，同时推动个性化营养和营养干预等领域的发展。
