Mijaica Raluca, Balint Lorand
Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transylvania University of Brașov, 500068 Brașov, Romania.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Sep 15;13(18):2304. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13182304.
Organized physical activity is frequently considered a protective factor against bullying behaviors, yet evidence within the university context remains limited. This study investigates the relationships between physical activity levels, body mass index (BMI), and involvement in traditional and digital bullying, taking into account the differences between students with and without structured sports training. A total of 2767 first-year students from Transylvania University of Brașov participated. The sports group (n = 161; 65 females, 96 males) was compared to the non-sports group (n = 2606; 1472 females, 1134 males). Instruments included the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A), validated scales for traditional and cyberbullying and victimization, and BMI calculation. Statistical analyses involved -tests (two-tailed), 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA, and sex-stratified multiple linear regressions. Students with sports training reported higher physical activity (PAQ-A 4.2-4.6), lower BMI, and lower bullying involvement (traditional ≈ 14-21% vs. ≈32%; cyber ≈ 8-17% vs. ≈25%). Group differences were large for physical activity (Hedges' g ≈ 1.5) and moderate for BMI and bullying (g ≈ 0.68-0.96; point-biserial r ≈ 3-4%). ANOVA showed sports status main effects (partial η ≈ 4-5% for bullying/BMI; ≈20% for PAQ-A). In regressions, sports status (B = -0.30 to -0.44) and physical activity (B = -0.22 to -0.32) predicted lower aggression/victimization, whereas BMI showed positive associations (B = 0.11 to 0.18) (all < 0.001). Sex × sports interactions were significant for PAQ-A and for traditional and cyber-victimization. Structured physical activity contributes to reducing the risk of bullying involvement and supports better psychosocial adjustment among students. These findings underscore the educational and preventive potential of university sports programs.
有组织的体育活动通常被认为是预防欺凌行为的一个保护因素，但在大学环境中的相关证据仍然有限。本研究调查了体育活动水平、体重指数（BMI）与参与传统欺凌和数字欺凌之间的关系，同时考虑了有结构化体育训练和没有结构化体育训练的学生之间的差异。共有2767名来自布拉索夫特兰西瓦尼亚大学的一年级学生参与了研究。将体育组（n = 161；65名女生，96名男生）与非体育组（n = 2606；1472名女生，1134名男生）进行了比较。研究工具包括青少年体育活动问卷（PAQ-A）、经过验证的传统欺凌和网络欺凌及受欺凌量表，以及BMI计算。统计分析包括t检验（双侧）、2×2析因方差分析和按性别分层的多元线性回归。接受体育训练的学生报告的体育活动水平较高（PAQ-A为4.2 - 4.6）、BMI较低且参与欺凌的程度较低（传统欺凌约为14 - 21%对约32%；网络欺凌约为8 - 17%对约25%）。体育活动方面的组间差异较大（赫奇斯g值约为1.5），BMI和欺凌方面的差异中等（g值约为0.68 - 0.96；点二列相关系数r约为3 - 4%）。方差分析显示体育状况的主效应（欺凌/BMI的偏η约为4 - 5%；PAQ-A的偏η约为20%）。在回归分析中，体育状况（B = -0.30至 -0.44）和体育活动（B = -0.22至 -0.32）预测较低的攻击行为/受欺凌情况，而BMI显示出正相关（B = 0.11至0.18）（所有p < 0.001）。性别×体育的交互作用在PAQ-A以及传统和网络受欺凌方面具有显著性。结构化体育活动有助于降低参与欺凌的风险，并支持学生更好地进行心理社会调适。这些发现强调了大学体育项目的教育和预防潜力。
