Vélez-Slimani Humberto, Hernández-Montelongo Jacobo, Salazar Luis A
Doctoral Program in Sciences Major in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
Center for Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Sep 13;26(18):8925. doi: 10.3390/ijms26188925.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease with a significant impact on quality of life. This review summarizes recent advances in the understanding of OA pathophysiology, emphasizing mechanical factors, angiogenesis, aging, and the role of interleukins in disease progression. It also explores key molecular pathways, particularly the NF-κB signaling cascade, and crucial catabolic mediators such as MMPs and ADAMTS, which are involved in cartilage degradation. Emerging therapeutic strategies are discussed, with a focus on the potential of polyphenols, such as pinocembrin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester, in cartilage protection and regeneration. In addition, nanotechnology is examined as a promising tool to enhance the bioavailability of these bioactive compounds and support the development of innovative OA treatments. Drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology, including porous silicon nanoparticles functionalized with β-cyclodextrin, have shown promise in improving therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights the importance of multidisciplinary approaches integrating molecular biology, natural compounds, and advanced technologies in the treatment of OA.
骨关节炎（OA）是一种慢性退行性关节疾病，对生活质量有重大影响。本综述总结了对OA病理生理学理解的最新进展，重点强调了机械因素、血管生成、衰老以及白细胞介素在疾病进展中的作用。它还探讨了关键的分子途径，特别是核因子κB信号级联反应，以及参与软骨降解的关键分解代谢介质，如基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）和含血小板反应蛋白基的解聚素样金属蛋白酶（ADAMTS）。讨论了新兴的治疗策略，重点关注诸如松属素和咖啡酸苯乙酯等多酚类物质在软骨保护和再生方面的潜力。此外，纳米技术作为一种有前景的工具，可提高这些生物活性化合物的生物利用度并支持创新的OA治疗方法的开发。基于纳米技术的药物递送系统，包括用β-环糊精功能化的多孔硅纳米颗粒，在提高治疗效果方面已显示出前景。本综述强调了整合分子生物学、天然化合物和先进技术的多学科方法在OA治疗中的重要性。
