Błaszczyk-Pośpiech Anna, Struzik Natalia, Szymonowicz Maria, Sareło Przemysław, Wiśniewska-Wrona Maria, Wiśniewska Kamila, Dobrzyński Maciej, Wawrzyńska Magdalena
Pre-Clinical Research Center, Wrocław Medical University, Karola Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Stanisława Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Sep 11;18(18):4259. doi: 10.3390/ma18184259.
Endodontic sealers are crucial for achieving an effective root canal obturation, preventing reinfection and promoting long-term treatment success. This review categorizes sealers by chemical composition, including traditional types such as zinc oxide-eugenol, glass ionomer, silicone, methacrylate and epoxy resins, calcium hydroxide, and the latest bioceramic formulations. Each type is evaluated for its physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, sealing ability, antimicrobial activity, and clinical limitations. A significant focus is placed on recent research into modifications of these materials with antimicrobial agents, aimed at improving antibacterial properties, bioactivity, and sealing performance. Among these, chitosan emerges as the most promising additive due to its broad antimicrobial spectrum, low cytotoxicity, and enhancement of sealing capacity. While bioceramic sealers represent a notable advancement due to their bioactivity and favorable interaction with moist environments, concerns regarding potential neurotoxicity and retreatability remain. The article presents recent advancements in the enhancement of endodontic sealers through the incorporation of organic and inorganic additives. It further delineates key research priorities, particularly the integration of bioactive materials, nanotechnology, and naturally derived compounds, with an emphasis on their potential applications in pediatric endodontics. Overall, while contemporary sealers offer a wide range of benefits, continued innovation is needed to optimize their biological safety, mechanical performance, and clinical usability.
根管封闭剂对于实现有效的根管充填、预防再感染以及促进长期治疗成功至关重要。本综述根据化学成分对封闭剂进行分类，包括传统类型，如氧化锌丁香酚、玻璃离子、硅酮、甲基丙烯酸酯和环氧树脂、氢氧化钙，以及最新的生物陶瓷配方。对每种类型的物理化学性质、生物相容性、密封能力、抗菌活性和临床局限性进行了评估。重点显著放在了这些材料用抗菌剂改性的最新研究上，旨在改善抗菌性能、生物活性和密封性能。其中，壳聚糖因其广泛的抗菌谱、低细胞毒性和密封能力增强而成为最有前景的添加剂。虽然生物陶瓷封闭剂因其生物活性和与潮湿环境的良好相互作用而代表了一项显著进展，但对潜在神经毒性和再治疗性的担忧仍然存在。本文介绍了通过加入有机和无机添加剂来增强根管封闭剂的最新进展。它进一步阐述了关键的研究重点，特别是生物活性材料、纳米技术和天然衍生化合物的整合，重点是它们在儿童牙髓病学中的潜在应用。总体而言，虽然当代封闭剂有诸多益处，但仍需要持续创新以优化其生物安全性、机械性能和临床可用性。
