Wang Jing, Wu Bian, Zhou Lei, Liu Kai, You Aiqing, Zha Wenjun
Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Sep 12;14(18):2844. doi: 10.3390/plants14182844.
Cadmium (Cd) pollution in rice crops is a global environmental challenge, endangering food security and sustainable agricultural development. Cd ions are highly dynamic and toxic and can easily accumulate in rice grains, resulting in adverse consequences on human health and ecological safety. With accelerated industrialization and abundant agricultural activities, Cd enters paddy soils through multiple pathways, leading to increasingly complex processes of migration and transformation of Cd in the soil-rice ecosystem. Although recent studies have substantially advanced our comprehension of the pathways promoting the uptake, transport, and accumulation of Cd in rice, this information is scattered and lacks systematic integration, leading to an incomplete understanding of the entire contamination process. This review adopts a rigorous perspective spanning from soil input to grain accumulation and comprehensively summarizes the absorption pathways, translocation mechanisms, and remediation strategies for Cd pollution in rice. The effects of phytotoxicity induced by Cd on rice growth are thoroughly analyzed, and recent advances in various mitigation strategies are highlighted, including agronomic management, cultivar improvement, bioremediation, and signal regulation. By integrating the findings of latest research, this review (i) proposes a mechanistic network of Cd contamination occurrence and control in rice; (ii) elucidates critical regulatory nodes; and (iii) offers a theoretical framework for growing rice cultivars with a low Cd content, remediating Cd-contaminated farmlands, and ensuring food safety.
水稻作物中的镉（Cd）污染是一项全球性环境挑战，危及粮食安全和农业可持续发展。镉离子具有高度的活性和毒性，极易在稻米中积累，对人类健康和生态安全造成不利影响。随着工业化进程加速和农业活动频繁，镉通过多种途径进入稻田土壤，导致镉在土壤-水稻生态系统中的迁移和转化过程日益复杂。尽管最近的研究极大地增进了我们对水稻中镉吸收、运输和积累促进途径的理解，但这些信息分散且缺乏系统整合，导致对整个污染过程的理解不完整。本综述从土壤输入到籽粒积累采用严谨视角，全面总结了水稻镉污染的吸收途径、转运机制和修复策略。深入分析了镉对水稻生长诱导的植物毒性效应，并强调了各种缓解策略的最新进展，包括农艺管理、品种改良、生物修复和信号调节。通过整合最新研究结果，本综述（i）提出了水稻镉污染发生和控制的机制网络；（ii）阐明了关键调控节点；（iii）为培育低镉含量水稻品种、修复镉污染农田和确保食品安全提供了理论框架。
