Scuotto Angelo, Ogonczyk-Makowska Daniela, Quiévy Alicia, Berthet Mélanie, Schlax Kévin, Boussarie Didier, Maillot Alexis, Popelin-Wedlarski Florine, Charpentier Thomas, Perot Maïalen, Quintard Benoît, van Elderen Marloes, Stumpel Job Benjamin Gérard, Tahas Stamatios Alan, Modlinska Anna, Sós-Koroknai Viktória, Azevedo Alexandre, Muciño María Del Carmen Carmona, Martins Mariana Castilho, Madrid Carlos, Stadlin Juliana Peña, Henao-Montoya Lina M, Betbeder Didier
Vaxinano SAS, 84 rue du Dr. Yersin, 59120 Loos, France.
Pairi Daiza Zoo, Domaine de Cambron, 7940 Brugelette, Belgium.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Aug 27;13(9):910. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13090910.
: is a major cause of zoonotic infections in both humans and animals, resulting in significant mortality in susceptible species, such as New World primates and marsupials. Toxoplasmosis is particularly concerning in zoos and wildlife reserves, where outbreaks threaten conservation efforts for endangered species. In the absence of a commercially available vaccine against toxoplasmosis for humans and captive wild animals, current prevention strategies are limited to restricting the access of cats to enclosures, controlling rodent populations, and maintaining strict food hygiene. Recent research has shown promising results with an intranasal vaccine (VXN-Toxo) composed of maltodextrin nanoparticles conjugated with a purified, inactivated parasite. This experimental vaccine does not pose a risk of causing disease and offers advantages such as better stability compared with live pathogen-based vaccines. : This study presents a large-scale evaluation of the effect of VXN-Toxo administered to captive wildlife across 20 zoos in Europe and the Americas between 2017 and 2025. Seven hundred and eighty-four animals, representing over 58 species (including primates, marsupials, rodents, and felids), were vaccinated without any adverse events reported. : Retrospective mortality data from 20 participating zoological institutions revealed an overall 96.7% reduction-and, in many cases, a complete elimination-of toxoplasmosis-associated deaths post vaccination. : These results demonstrate, for the first time, consistent and broad-spectrum protection against of different strains in a wide array of captive wildlife species. This universal vaccine represents a promising tool for toxoplasmosis prevention in zoological collections, with significant implications for animal health and conservation strategies.
它是人类和动物人畜共患感染的主要原因，在新世界灵长类动物和有袋动物等易感物种中导致大量死亡。弓形虫病在动物园和野生动物保护区尤其令人担忧，在这些地方疫情爆发威胁到濒危物种的保护工作。由于缺乏针对人类和圈养野生动物的商业化弓形虫疫苗，目前的预防策略仅限于限制猫进入圈舍、控制啮齿动物数量以及保持严格的食品卫生。最近的研究表明，一种由与纯化的灭活寄生虫结合的麦芽糊精纳米颗粒组成的鼻内疫苗（VXN-Toxo）取得了有前景的结果。这种实验性疫苗不会带来致病风险，并且与基于活病原体的疫苗相比具有更好的稳定性等优势。：本研究对2017年至2025年间在欧洲和美洲的20家动物园给圈养野生动物接种VXN-Toxo的效果进行了大规模评估。784只动物，代表超过58个物种（包括灵长类动物、有袋动物、啮齿动物和猫科动物）接种了疫苗，未报告任何不良事件。：来自20家参与研究的动物园机构的回顾性死亡率数据显示，接种疫苗后与弓形虫病相关的死亡总体减少了96.7%，而且在许多情况下完全消除了。：这些结果首次证明了在广泛的圈养野生动物物种中对不同毒株的弓形虫具有一致且广谱的保护作用。这种通用疫苗是动物园预防弓形虫病的一种有前景的工具，对动物健康和保护策略具有重要意义。
