Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram, Kesika Periyanaina, Sisubalan Natarajan, Chaiyasut Chaiyavat
Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Pharmaceutics. 2025 Sep 3;17(9):1158. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17091158.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a significant challenge in modern healthcare, prompting exploration into novel therapeutic strategies. This review clearly classifies different types of gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) (AuNPs), links them to the gut-brain axis, highlights recent advances, and points out future research needs, offering a more updated perspective than earlier reviews. Diverse approaches have emerged from single to hybrid and functionalized AuNPs, including innovative nanotherapeutic agents like Au nanorods-polyethylene glycol-angiopep-2 peptide/D1 peptide and noninvasive dynamic magnetic field-stimulated NPs. AuNPs have been reported for the neuroprotective properties. Clinical applications of AuNPs highlight their promise in diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. However, challenges persist, notably in overcoming blood-brain barrier limitations and refining drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the incomplete understanding of AD's physiological and pathological mechanisms hinders therapeutic development. Future research directions should prioritize elucidating these mechanisms and optimizing AuNPs physicochemical properties for therapeutic efficacy. Despite limitations, nanomaterial-based therapies hold promise for revolutionizing AD treatment and addressing other central nervous system disorders. It also emphasizes the importance of further investigation into the potential of AuNPs, envisioning a future where they serve as a cornerstone in advancing neurological healthcare.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）给现代医疗保健带来了重大挑战，促使人们探索新的治疗策略。本综述对不同类型的金（Au）纳米颗粒（NPs）（金纳米颗粒）进行了明确分类，将它们与肠脑轴联系起来，突出了近期的进展，并指出了未来的研究需求，提供了比早期综述更具时效性的观点。从单一到混合以及功能化的金纳米颗粒已经出现了多种方法，包括创新的纳米治疗剂，如金纳米棒 - 聚乙二醇 - 血管活性肠肽 - 2肽/D1肽以及无创动态磁场刺激的纳米颗粒。金纳米颗粒已被报道具有神经保护特性。金纳米颗粒的临床应用凸显了它们在诊断和治疗监测方面的前景。然而，挑战依然存在，尤其是在克服血脑屏障限制和优化药物递送系统方面。此外，对AD生理和病理机制的不完全理解阻碍了治疗的发展。未来的研究方向应优先阐明这些机制，并优化金纳米颗粒的物理化学性质以提高治疗效果。尽管存在局限性，但基于纳米材料的疗法有望彻底改变AD的治疗方式并解决其他中枢神经系统疾病。它还强调了进一步研究金纳米颗粒潜力的重要性，展望了它们在推进神经保健方面成为基石的未来。
