Liu Yunchao, Chen Yumei, Shang Yanli, Deng Xiuli, Hao Huifang
Institute for Animal Health, Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
Viruses. 2025 Sep 18;17(9):1262. doi: 10.3390/v17091262.
Porcine parvovirus (PPV), a non-envelope single-stranded DNA virus, causes severe reproductive disorders in swine worldwide, characterized by fetal mortality, mummification, and reduced boar fertility. As a highly prevalent pathogen in Chinese swine herds, PPV imposes substantial economic burdens on intensive pig production systems. This review systematically synthesizes recent advances in PPV virology, focusing on genomic evolution of emerging strains (PPV1-PPV8), epidemiological dynamics of emerging strains, molecular pathogenesis, and novel diagnostic tools. Furthermore, we critically evaluate current vaccine strategies, highlighting their limitations in cross-protective efficacy and viral shedding control. By integrating multi-omics insights with immunological profiling, this work delineates actionable pathways for next-generation vaccine design and proposes a roadmap for rational antigen selection. This review consolidates foundational knowledge and establishes a translational bridge between basic virology and prevention and control of porcine parvovirus, addressing critical gaps in porcine reproductive disease management.
猪细小病毒（PPV）是一种无包膜的单链DNA病毒，在全球范围内导致猪严重的繁殖障碍，其特征为胎儿死亡、木乃伊化以及公猪繁殖力下降。作为中国猪群中高度流行的病原体，PPV给集约化养猪生产系统带来了巨大的经济负担。本综述系统地综合了PPV病毒学的最新进展，重点关注新兴毒株（PPV1 - PPV8）的基因组进化、新兴毒株的流行病学动态、分子发病机制以及新型诊断工具。此外，我们批判性地评估了当前的疫苗策略，强调了它们在交叉保护效力和病毒排毒控制方面的局限性。通过将多组学见解与免疫分析相结合，本研究描绘了下一代疫苗设计的可行途径，并提出了合理抗原选择的路线图。本综述巩固了基础知识，并在基础病毒学与猪细小病毒的预防和控制之间建立了转化桥梁，填补了猪繁殖疾病管理中的关键空白。
