Ravasio Giuliano, Amari Martina, Locatelli Chiara, Ferrari Francesco, Jacchetti Andrea, Bronzo Valerio, Brioschi Federica Alessandra
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell'Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
Ospedale Veterinario San Francesco, Via Newton 2, 20148 Milano, Italy.
Vet Sci. 2025 Sep 13;12(9):885. doi: 10.3390/vetsci12090885.
High induction doses of propofol (PPF) may cause adverse effects. Co-induction protocols can reduce doses and enhance the beneficial profile of each drug. This study compared the induction quality, clinical, and echocardiographic effects of two rapid co-inductions in healthy, unpremedicated dogs. Baseline cardiorespiratory and echocardiographic variables were recorded. Dogs randomly received rapid intravenous PPF (2.2 mg/kg) with either dexmedetomidine (3 µg/kg) (PROPODEX; = 12) or butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg) (PROPOBUT; = 12). Induction quality, additional PPF dose, intubation time, cardiorespiratory parameters (2, 5, 10, 15, 20 min), and recovery quality were recorded. A second echocardiography was performed 5 min after induction. Induction quality was significantly higher in PROPODEX, with significantly lower additional PPF requirements and shorter intubation time. In PROPODEX, heart rate significantly decreased from baseline and was significantly lower than PROPOBUT, while arterial blood pressures significantly increased in PROPODEX and decreased in PROPOBUT from baseline. PROPOBUT significantly reduced left ventricular (LV) diastolic volumes and increased E/A ratio, while PROPODEX significantly increased LV systolic diameter and volumes, and significantly decreased fractional shortening. Recovery was significantly faster and better in PROPODEX. PROPOBUT preserved cardiac function but caused hypotension. PROPODEX provided superior induction and recovery quality, and cardiorespiratory stability, with only mild systolic function depression.
高诱导剂量的丙泊酚（PPF）可能会引起不良反应。联合诱导方案可以减少药物剂量并增强每种药物的有益特性。本研究比较了两种快速联合诱导方案对健康、未用药犬的诱导质量、临床及超声心动图效应。记录基线心肺和超声心动图变量。犬只随机接受快速静脉注射PPF（2.2mg/kg），同时给予右美托咪定（3μg/kg）（PROPODEX组；n = 12）或布托啡诺（0.4mg/kg）（PROPOBUT组；n = 12）。记录诱导质量、额外的PPF剂量、插管时间、心肺参数（2、5、10、15、20分钟）以及恢复质量。诱导后5分钟进行第二次超声心动图检查。PROPODEX组的诱导质量显著更高，额外的PPF需求量显著更低且插管时间更短。在PROPODEX组中，心率从基线显著下降且显著低于PROPOBUT组，而PROPODEX组的动脉血压从基线显著升高，PROPOBUT组则下降。PROPOBUT组显著降低左心室（LV）舒张容积并增加E/A比值，而PROPODEX组显著增加LV收缩直径和容积，并显著降低缩短分数。PROPODEX组的恢复显著更快且更好。PROPOBUT组维持了心脏功能但导致低血压。PROPODEX组提供了更好的诱导和恢复质量以及心肺稳定性，仅伴有轻度的收缩功能抑制。
