Cohen A I
J Cell Biol. 1971 Mar;48(3):547-65. doi: 10.1083/jcb.48.3.547.
Isolated retinas of rats or frogs were incubated in various salt or sucrose solutions over a wide range of osmolarities and then fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide solutions of matching osmolarities. Light and electron microscope observations were concentrated on the outer segments of the intact photoreceptors. These became globular and of increasing size with increasing hypoosmolarity and irregularly linear and condensed in hyperosmotic solutions. Isoosmotic incubations of rat retinas in solutions containing potassium as the only cation also produced swelling of the outer segments when chloride or acetate was present; but swelling was less when the cation was sodium and it was not seen with either cation when the anion was methylsulfate. The effects of various metabolic and membrane poisons are also reported. The behavior of the saccules within the outer segments was equivocal. While there was a tendency toward more saccules with wider lumina with hypoosmolarity, most of the saccules were not swollen. Surprisingly, intrasaccular space was consistently enlarged in rat retinas exposed to hyperosmotic sucrose but not to salt. The saccules or their derivatives within swollen outer segments tend to maintain their intersaccule spacing and approximation to the cell membrane. It was also noted that the ciliary connectives resist swelling and that retinal Müller cells swell readily.
将大鼠或青蛙的分离视网膜置于一系列渗透压范围广泛的各种盐溶液或蔗糖溶液中孵育，然后固定于渗透压匹配的1%四氧化锇溶液中。光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察主要集中在完整光感受器的外段。随着低渗程度的增加，这些外段变得呈球状且尺寸增大，而在高渗溶液中则呈不规则的线性且浓缩。当以钾作为唯一阳离子时，在含有氯离子或醋酸根离子的溶液中对大鼠视网膜进行等渗孵育也会导致外段肿胀；但当阳离子为钠离子时肿胀程度较小，而当阴离子为甲基硫酸根离子时，无论哪种阳离子都不会出现肿胀。还报告了各种代谢毒物和膜毒物的作用。外段内囊泡的行为并不明确。虽然在低渗情况下有囊泡数量增多且管腔变宽的趋势，但大多数囊泡并未肿胀。令人惊讶的是，暴露于高渗蔗糖而非盐溶液中的大鼠视网膜内囊泡间隙持续增大。肿胀外段内的囊泡或其衍生物倾向于保持其囊泡间间距以及与细胞膜的接近程度。还注意到睫状连接组织抵抗肿胀，而视网膜穆勒细胞很容易肿胀。
