Tian Cheng-Mei, Yang Mei-Feng, Kong Chen, Luo Duo, Yue Ning-Ning, Zhao Hai-Lan, Zhang Yuan, Lu Jian-Ping, Liang Yu-Jie, Song Yang, Wei Dao-Ru, Yao Jun, Wang Li-Sheng, Li De-Feng
Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China.
Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, People's Republic of China.
J Inflamm Res. 2025 Sep 23;18:13183-13212. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S514838. eCollection 2025.
The brain and gastrointestinal tract are closely interconnected as important sensory organs processing signals from both environmental and internal cues. Recent studies have shown that dysregulation of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease activates the gut immune system. The cross-talk mechanism along the gut-brain axis is implicated in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism, depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in signaling across the gut-brain axis, including the immune and neuroendocrine system, intestinal permeability, microbial composition, and bacterial extracellular vesicles. We focus on the link between specific inflammatory bowel disease, microbial genera and psychiatric and neurological disorders, and propose that the results of preclinical and clinical studies open up the possibility of targeting the gut microbiota to treat neuropsychiatric disorders that are altered by gut interactions.
大脑和胃肠道作为处理来自环境和内部线索信号的重要感觉器官，二者紧密相连。最近的研究表明，炎症性肠病中肠道微生物群的失调会激活肠道免疫系统。肠道-脑轴的相互作用机制与自闭症、抑郁症、焦虑症、阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病等神经精神疾病的发生有关。在此，我们讨论了肠道-脑轴信号传导所涉及的分子机制，包括免疫和神经内分泌系统、肠道通透性、微生物组成和细菌细胞外囊泡。我们重点关注特定炎症性肠病、微生物属与精神和神经疾病之间的联系，并提出临床前和临床研究结果为靶向肠道微生物群治疗因肠道相互作用而改变的神经精神疾病开辟了可能性。
