Antimicrobial and biodegradable PVA/rutin/CuO nanocomposite film for garlic preservation.

The growing demand for sustainable and active packaging materials has led to the exploration of biodegradable polymers reinforced with functional nanomaterials. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based films were synthesized via solution casting method, incorporating copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) and rutin to improve their physicochemical and antimicrobial properties for food packaging applications. The incorporation of CuO NPs contributed to notable improvements in mechanical strength, water solubility, water vapor permeability, moisture adsorption, and antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. PRC-3 film exhibited zone of inhibition of 38.00 ± 0.66, 29.66 ± 0.44, and 26.66 ± 0.44 mm against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, respectively. The films also showed excellent biodegradability, reinforcing their promise as an environmentally responsible packaging alternative. Rutin release study revealed minimal diffusion into aqueous media, supporting the films potential for prolonged active function. Notably, the practical application test involving garlic storage demonstrated effective preservation of quality for up to 23 days. Altogether, these results underline the potential of PVA/Rutin/CuO (PRC) nanocomposite films as multifunctional, eco-friendly candidates for next-generation active food packaging systems.