儿童口腔有害习惯的患病率：一项系统评价和荟萃分析。

Prevalence of Oral Deleterious Habits among children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

作者信息

Gyra Geetha Gireesh, Kumar Vijay S, Janakiram Chandrashekar

机构信息

Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amrita School of Dentistry, Kerala, India.

出版信息

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2025 Nov-Dec;15(6):1539-1562. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.004. Epub 2025 Sep 20.

DOI:10.1016/j.jobcr.2025.09.004

PMID:41050331

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12489927/

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the prevalence of oral deleterious habits in children, providing essential evidence for targeted prevention and intervention strategies.

INTRODUCTION

Oral habits such as thumb-sucking, lip biting, nail-biting, bruxism, mouth breathing, and tongue thrusting significantly contribute to dentofacial anomalies, which can potentially result in malocclusions. Understanding their prevalence is crucial for developing early intervention protocols to mitigate long-term oral health complications.

METHODS

The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024511134) and adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and APA PsycINFO. Grey literature was identified through ProQuest, Google Scholar, and the Shodhganga database. Eligible studies were subjected to meta-analysis.

RESULTS

Out of 1211 identified records, 54 studies encompassing a total of 53,119 children aged 3-18 years were included. The pooled prevalence of oral deleterious habits was 28.9 %, with mouth breathing (21.1 %) and bruxism (19.0 %) being the most commonly reported habits. The habits were slightly more prevalent among males (29.4 %) than among females (26.9 %). In males, bruxism was the most frequent habit (19.9 %), whereas lip biting was the least common (6.1 %). Among females, bruxism was also most prevalent (17.6 %), with lip biting being the least reported (5.9 %). The prevalence was highest in children aged 6-12 years (32.1 %), followed by those aged 3-6 years (25.2 %), and lowest among adolescents (17.1 %).

CONCLUSION

Oral deleterious habits are prevalent among children and can have adverse effects on dental and maxillofacial development. Early identification and timely intervention are critical to preventing malocclusions and reducing the burden of long-term orthodontic treatment.

摘要

目的

本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在估计儿童口腔不良习惯的患病率，为针对性的预防和干预策略提供重要证据。

引言

吮拇指、咬唇、咬指甲、磨牙症、口呼吸和吐舌等口腔习惯是牙颌面畸形的重要成因，可能导致错牙合畸形。了解这些习惯的患病率对于制定早期干预方案以减轻长期口腔健康并发症至关重要。

方法

本综述方案已在国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO，注册号：CRD42024511134）注册，并遵循系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南。通过多个电子数据库进行全面的文献检索，包括PubMed、护理学与健康领域数据库（CINAHL）、考科蓝图书馆、Scopus、科学引文索引（Web of Science）和美国心理学会心理学文摘数据库（APA PsycINFO）。通过ProQuest、谷歌学术和Shodhganga数据库识别灰色文献。对符合条件的研究进行荟萃分析。

结果

在1211条检索到的记录中，纳入了54项研究，共涉及53119名3至18岁的儿童。口腔不良习惯的合并患病率为28.9%，其中口呼吸（21.1%）和磨牙症（19.0%）是报告最多的习惯。这些习惯在男性（29.4%）中的患病率略高于女性（26.9%）。在男性中，磨牙症是最常见的习惯（19.9%），而咬唇是最不常见的（6.1%）。在女性中，磨牙症也是最普遍的（17.6%），咬唇的报告率最低（5.9%）。患病率在6至12岁的儿童中最高（32.1%），其次是3至6岁的儿童（25.2%），在青少年中最低（17.1%）。