Borówka Sebastian, Mazelanik Mateusz, Wasilewski Wojciech, Parniak Michał
Centre for Quantum Optical Technologies, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Nat Commun. 2025 Oct 16;16(1):8975. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-63951-9.
Coupling a Rydberg vapour medium to both microwave and optical fields enables the benefits of all-optical detection, such as minimal disturbance of the measured field and resilience to very strong signals, since no conventional antenna is required. However, peak sensitivity typically relies on adding a microwave local oscillator, which compromises the all-optical nature of the measurement. Here we introduce an alternative, optical-bias detection, that maintains fully optical operation while achieving high sensitivity. To address laser phase noise, which is critical in this approach, we perform a simultaneous measurement of the noise using a nonlinear process and correct it in real time via data processing. This yields a 35 dB improvement in signal-to-noise ratio compared with the basic method. We demonstrate a sensitivity of , reliable operation up to 3.5 mV/cm at 13.9 GHz, and quadrature-amplitude modulated data transmission, underlining the ability to detect microwave field quadratures while preserving the unique advantages of all-optical detection.
将里德堡蒸汽介质与微波场和光场耦合，能够实现全光检测的诸多优势，比如对被测场的干扰极小，并且对非常强的信号具有耐受性，因为无需传统天线。然而，峰值灵敏度通常依赖于添加微波本地振荡器，这会损害测量的全光特性。在此，我们引入一种替代方法——光偏置检测，它在实现高灵敏度的同时能保持完全的光操作。为解决在此方法中至关重要的激光相位噪声问题，我们利用非线性过程对噪声进行同步测量，并通过数据处理实时对其进行校正。与基本方法相比，这使得信噪比提高了35dB。我们展示了在13.9GHz频率下的灵敏度为 ，在高达3.5mV/cm的情况下可靠运行，以及正交幅度调制数据传输，突出了在保留全光检测独特优势的同时检测微波场正交分量的能力。
