Orikpete Efetobo Victor, Osagbemiro Bamidele Babatope, Alade Grace Onyenashia, Umanah Ayamma Udo, Raymond Stanley Chukwuemeka, Eigbobo Joycelyn Odegua
Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Oral Radiology, University of Port Harcourt , Port Harcourt , Nigeria.
School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Oct 17;25(1):1631. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-07001-2.
The development of the mouth, face, teeth and related structures is a highly complex process; genetic and/or environmental disturbances during this period can lead to various developmental anomalies, which may present as variation in number, colour, shape or size of the affected structures. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of developmental anomalies among school children in Port Harcourt, Rivers State.
This was a cross-sectional study carried out within Port Harcourt metropolis, Obio-Akpor local government area of Rivers state. A total of 5 schools (3 primary schools and 2 secondary schools) were selected by multistage sampling method. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to elicit information, following which oral screening/examination was performed for all the study participants. Data collected were entered into a spreadsheet and analyzed using the SPSS package, version 27 (IBM SPSS, Chicago, USA).
A total of 1802 children; 790 (43.9%) males and 1012 (56.1%) females participated in this study and had a mean age of 10.01 ± 3.67 years. Developmental anomalies of the teeth, tongue and jaws were identified in 181 individuals (10.0% of the study population). A total of 199 anomalies were recorded (11.04%), as some individuals presented with more than one anomaly. Hypoplasia was the most frequent anomaly, with a prevalence of 39% among children aged 6-12years and 26% among children aged ≥ 13years; and this difference was significant (p = 0.002). Microdontia (p = 0.002) and exostoses(p = 0.004) similarly showed statistically significant differences across the age groups. Fluorosis (37%) and macrodontia (26%) were also more among children aged 6-12 years. The distribution of these anomalies across gender and different socioeconomic status showed no statistical significance.
The most common anomaly was hypoplasia followed by fluorosis while macrognathia and enamel pearl ranked the lowest. However, overall prevalence of developmental anomalies in this study is low compared to other studies.
口腔、面部、牙齿及相关结构的发育是一个高度复杂的过程；在此期间，遗传和/或环境干扰可导致各种发育异常，这些异常可能表现为受影响结构的数量、颜色、形状或大小的变化。本研究的目的是确定河流州哈科特港学童发育异常的患病率。
这是一项在河流州奥比奥-阿克波地方政府辖区哈科特港大都市内进行的横断面研究。采用多阶段抽样方法共选取了5所学校（3所小学和2所中学）。使用访谈员管理的问卷来获取信息，随后对所有研究参与者进行口腔筛查/检查。收集的数据录入电子表格，并使用SPSS 27版软件包（美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市IBM公司）进行分析。
共有1802名儿童参与本研究，其中男性790名（43.9%），女性1012名（56.1%），平均年龄为10.01±3.67岁。在181名个体（占研究人群的10.0%）中发现了牙齿、舌头和颌骨的发育异常。共记录了199例异常（11.04%），因为一些个体存在不止一种异常。发育不全是最常见的异常，在6至12岁儿童中的患病率为39%，在≥13岁儿童中的患病率为26%；这种差异具有统计学意义（p = 0.002）。过小牙（p = 0.002）和外生骨疣（p = 0.004）在各年龄组中同样显示出统计学上的显著差异。氟斑牙（37%）和过大牙（26%）在6至12岁儿童中也更为常见。这些异常在性别和不同社会经济地位之间的分布没有统计学意义。
最常见的异常是发育不全，其次是氟斑牙，而巨颌症和釉珠的患病率最低。然而，与其他研究相比，本研究中发育异常的总体患病率较低。
