Lin Anqi, Xiong Minying, Jiang Aimin, Huang Lihaoyun, Wong Hank Z H, Feng Suyin, Zhang Chunyan, Li Yu, Chen Li, Chi Hao, Zhang Pengpeng, Ye Bicheng, Zhang Hengguo, Zhang Nan, Zhu Lingxuan, Mou Weiming, Shen Junyi, Li Kailai, Xu Wentao, Ying Haoxuan, Zhang Cangang, Zeng Dongqiang, Xie Jindong, Deng Xinpei, Wang Qi, Xu Jianying, Shi Wenjie, Qi Chang, Qu Chunrun, Huang Xufeng, Hajdu András, Li Chaoqun, Peng Changmin, Cao Xuanye, Pei Guangsheng, Zhang Lin, Huo Yujia, Xu Jiabao, Glaviano Antonino, Szöllősi Attila Gábor, Bian Sicheng, Li Zhengrui, Tang Hailin, Tang Bufu, Liu Zaoqu, Zhang Jian, Miao Kai, Cheng Quan, Wei Ting, Yuan Shuofeng, Luo Peng
Donghai County People's Hospital (Affiliated Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University) Lianyungang China.
Department of Oncology Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University Guangzhou China.
Imeta. 2025 Aug 30;4(5):e70070. doi: 10.1002/imt2.70070. eCollection 2025 Oct.
The human microbiome is now recognized as a central regulator of cancer biology, intricately shaping tumor development, immune dynamics, and therapeutic response. This comprehensive review delineates the multifaceted roles of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in modulating the tumor microenvironment and systemic immunity across diverse cancer types. We synthesize current evidence on how microbial dysbiosis promotes carcinogenesis via chronic inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, genotoxic stress, immune evasion, and epigenetic remodeling. This review emphasizes organ-specific microbiome signatures and highlights their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for early detection, treatment stratification, and prognosis. Furthermore, we explore the impact of intratumoral microbiota on cancer therapies, uncovering how microbial metabolites and host-microbe interactions shape therapeutic efficacy and resistance. Finally, advances in microbiome-targeted strategies, such as probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and engineered microbes offer new avenues for adjunctive cancer therapy. This review provides a roadmap for future investigation and underscores the transformative promise of microbiome modulation in cancer prevention and treatment.
人类微生物组现在被认为是癌症生物学的核心调节因子，它以复杂的方式塑造肿瘤发展、免疫动态和治疗反应。这篇全面综述阐述了细菌、病毒和真菌在调节不同癌症类型的肿瘤微环境和全身免疫方面的多方面作用。我们综合了当前关于微生物失调如何通过慢性炎症、代谢重编程、基因毒性应激、免疫逃避和表观遗传重塑促进癌症发生的证据。本综述强调了器官特异性微生物组特征，并突出了它们作为早期检测、治疗分层和预后的非侵入性生物标志物的潜力。此外，我们探讨了肿瘤内微生物群对癌症治疗的影响，揭示了微生物代谢物和宿主-微生物相互作用如何塑造治疗效果和耐药性。最后，微生物组靶向策略的进展，如益生菌、粪便微生物群移植和工程微生物，为辅助癌症治疗提供了新途径。本综述为未来的研究提供了路线图，并强调了微生物组调节在癌症预防和治疗中的变革性前景。
